男性生殖健康中的免疫细胞动态:协调免疫特权和炎症反应

Yiming Zhang, Jianhua Zhu, Mingxin Wang
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摘要

附睾炎或附睾睾丸炎是男性常见的泌尿系统疾病,其特点是阴囊疼痛、肿胀和潜在的泌尿系统症状。虽然抗生素可以消除致病病原体,但持续的炎症可能会损害精子生成和类固醇生成。睾丸是一个具有免疫特权的器官,它拥有专门的免疫微环境,可保护生殖细胞(GC)免受自身免疫攻击,并协调针对病原体的免疫防御。本综述将重点讨论睾丸中巨噬细胞、树突状细胞(DC)、肥大细胞(MC)和 T 细胞亚群等免疫细胞之间复杂的相互作用。研究讨论了这些免疫细胞在感染诱发的睾丸炎中的作用,强调了它们在炎症和免疫耐受中的参与。此外,还讨论了睾丸纤维化的影响及其对男性不育的影响,强调了 MCs 在组织重塑中的作用。本综述旨在加深对男性生殖健康的理解,并促进确定附睾睾丸炎的潜在治疗靶点。
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Immune cell dynamics in male reproductive health: orchestrating immune privilege and inflammatory responses
Epididymitis or epididymo-orchitis is a common urological condition in males characterized by scrotal pain, swelling, and potential urinary symptoms. Although antibiotics can eliminate the causative pathogens, persistent inflammation may compromise spermatogenesis and steroidogenesis. The testis, an immune-privileged organ, possesses a specialized immune microenvironment that shields germ cells (GCs) from autoimmune attacks and orchestrates immune defenses against pathogens. This review focuses on the complex interplay between immune cells, including macrophages, dendritic cells (DCs), mast cells (MCs), and T cell subsets, in the testis. The roles of these immune cells in infection-induced orchitis were deliberated upon, emphasizing their involvement in inflammation and immune tolerance. Furthermore, the implications of testicular fibrosis and its effect on male infertility are discussed, emphasizing the role of MCs in tissue remodeling. The objective of this review is to expand comprehension of male reproductive health and foster the identification of potential therapeutic targets for epididymo-orchitis.
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