集水规模的水资源管理挑战:评估潮湿气候下农业灌溉的 "合理 "峰值需求

IF 3.1 Q2 WATER RESOURCES Hydrology Pub Date : 2024-02-27 DOI:10.3390/hydrology11030033
J. W. Knox, K. Weatherhead
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引用次数: 0

摘要

各行各业对水资源日益增长的需求和竞争对环境造成了越来越大的压力。在英格兰,几乎所有的直接取水都需要获得监管机构--环境署--颁发的执照(许可证)。评估和设定以环境可持续方式合法取水的 "合理 "峰值水量是整个许可证确定过程的核心。为了保护每个流域内的环境流量和其他取水户,监管机构需要在许可条件中设定合理的限制,包括季节性总水量和用水峰值,尤其是对水文敏感的地表水源的取水。本文介绍了评估农业灌溉 "合理 "高峰用水量的方法,以支持流域水资源管理和规划。采用日时间步长水平衡模型,利用农业气候对比地点的长期历史气象记录,模拟灌溉的月峰值和日峰值需水量。然后将模型模拟结果与选定案例研究农场的观测数据以及国家取水数据库报告的数据进行比较。然后,考虑到不同类型水源对环境的敏感性,制定了设定灌溉月峰值、日峰值、小时峰值和绝对取水率的准则。文中介绍了该程序的应用情况及其在其他国家的适用性,这些国家的集水区水资源受到来自农业的巨大压力。
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Catchment-Scale Challenges for Water Resources Management: Assessing ‘Reasonable’ Peak Needs for Irrigated Agriculture in a Humid Climate
Rising demands and competition for water resources within all sectors are placing increasing pressure on the environment. Almost all direct abstractions in England require a licence (permit) from the regulatory authority, the Environment Agency. Assessing and setting ‘reasonable’ peak quantities of water that can be legally abstracted in an environmentally sustainable manner is central to the whole licence determination process. To protect environmental flows and other abstractors within each catchment, the regulatory authority needs to be able to set sensible limits in the licence conditions, including total seasonal volumes and peak rates of water use, particularly for abstractions from hydrologically sensitive surface water sources. This paper describes the development of a methodology to assess the ‘reasonable’ peak rates of water use for agricultural irrigation in support of catchment water resources management and planning. A daily time step water balance model was used to simulate peak monthly and daily water requirements for irrigation using long-term historical weather records for agroclimatically contrasting sites. The model-simulated outputs were then compared against observed data from selected case study farms, and against data reported in a national water abstraction database. Guidelines were then developed for setting peak monthly, daily, hourly, and absolute abstraction rates for irrigation, taking into account the environmental sensitivity of different types of water source. The application of the procedure and its relevance in other countries where catchment water resources are under intense pressure from agriculture are described.
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来源期刊
Hydrology
Hydrology Earth and Planetary Sciences-Earth-Surface Processes
CiteScore
4.90
自引率
21.90%
发文量
192
审稿时长
6 weeks
期刊介绍: Journal of Hydrology publishes original research papers and comprehensive reviews in all the subfields of the hydrological sciences, including water based management and policy issues that impact on economics and society. These comprise, but are not limited to the physical, chemical, biogeochemical, stochastic and systems aspects of surface and groundwater hydrology, hydrometeorology, hydrogeology and hydrogeophysics. Relevant topics incorporating the insights and methodologies of disciplines such as climatology, water resource systems, ecohydrology, geomorphology, soil science, instrumentation and remote sensing, data and information sciences, civil and environmental engineering are within scope. Social science perspectives on hydrological problems such as resource and ecological economics, sociology, psychology and behavioural science, management and policy analysis are also invited. Multi-and interdisciplinary analyses of hydrological problems are within scope. The science published in the Journal of Hydrology is relevant to catchment scales rather than exclusively to a local scale or site. Studies focused on urban hydrological issues are included.
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