In vitro morphogenesis, antioxidant enzyme activity and secondary compound accumulation of Phyllanthus amarus under Clinostat 2D condition

In this study, 4-week-old internodes of in vitroPhyllanthus amarus with 1 cm in length were cut in a half longitudinal section and cultured under 2D clinostat and control conditions to evaluate in vitro morphogenesis, antioxidant enzyme activity and secondary compound accumulation. The results showed that 34.33% of explants induced callus and 65.67% of explants formed adventitious root under 2D clinostat compared with 100% explants induced callus under control after 4 weeks of culture. In addition, the fresh and dry weights of callus clusters (792.00 and 79.17 mg, respectively) under 2D clinostat were higher than those under control (313.33 and 30.07 mg, respectively). Superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and phenolic under 2D clinostat were higher than those of control. For hypophyllanthin and phyllanthin, the concentrations in the callus under 2D clinostat condition were higher than control. The hypophyllanthin content in the callus (29.06 μg/g fresh weight) was higher than in the adventitious root (9.03 μg/g fresh weight) under 2D clinostat, while the phyllanthin only obtained in the callus that was absent in the adventitious root.