A Review of Organochlorine-induced Male Reproductive Disorders

Organochlorines are a group of chlorinated hydrocarbons widely used as pesticides in many countries. Various studies conducted by researchers have revealed that these chemicals can potentially cause male reproductive disorders. In today's world, both humans and wildlife are constantly exposed to numerous chemical residues present in the air, food, and water. Organochlorines, which consist of carbon, hydrogen, and chlorine, are pervasive pollutants encompassing a range of compounds, including chlorinated insecticides, solvents, and fumigants used worldwide. Exposure to organochlorine chemicals has raised concerns due to their association with various detrimental effects on human health. One particular concern is their potential implication in reproductive toxicity and endocrine disruption, as these chemicals persist in the environment. Organochlorines have the ability to interfere with normal hormonal function in both animals and humans. Laboratory animals and wildlife exposed to these endocrine-disrupting chemicals have exhibited reproductive abnormalities such as the feminization of males, abnormal sexual behavior, birth defects, altered sex ratios, decreased sperm production, reduced testicular size, infertility, and thyroid dysfunction. This review focuses on the adverse effects of different organochlorine chemicals on the male reproductive system, emphasizing the need for limited use of organochlorines to enhance the quality of life and promote human welfare.