大中城市交通系统运行温室气体排放清单调查

Tetiana Tokmylenko, Olena Chernyshova, Vitalii Chyzhyk
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引用次数: 0

摘要

文章的研究对象是城市的交通系统。本文回顾了评估城市温室气体排放的必要性,并提出了编制城市交通系统温室气体排放清单的方法。所提出的方法与欧洲联盟(EU)市长公约可持续能源和气候行动计划(SECAP)的制定准则相一致。SECAP 根据所有权和功能将交通部门定义为:市政交通车队、公共交通、私人和商业交通。本文根据乌克兰市政当局通常可获得的信息,提出了估算上述各部门直接和间接排放量的方法。对不同燃料类型(柴油、石油、天然气、生物燃料、电力等)和不同车队类型(公共汽车、卡车、客运车辆、专用机械)进行了分类评估。然后,将燃料消耗量乘以每种燃料和车辆类型的排放系数,即可估算出二氧化碳排放总量。燃料消耗量信息是根据年行驶里程估算的,并根据现有数据和文件中提出的若干假设进行估算。根据所提出的交通部门温室气体排放清单方法,可以分析现有数据,提出数据收集建议,并以足够的计算精度确定交通系统运行过程中的二氧化碳排放量。例如,日托米尔市利用清单结果制定了一系列措施,其中包括更新电动交通工具;提高交通系统电网的能效;发展自行车基础设施。
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Investigation of greenhouse emission inventory from transport system functioning in large and medium cities
The object of the research of the article is transport system of a city. The paper reviews the necessity to assess the greenhouse emissions in the city and proposes the methods for greenhouse emissions inventory of the urban transport system. The proposed approach is aligned with guidelines for the development of Sustainable Energy and Climate Action Plan (SECAP) of Mayor Covenants of European Union (EU). The methodologies outlined in the paper allow to estimate annual greenhouse emissions from transport sector. The SECAP defines transport sectors based on ownership and functioning as following: municipal transport fleet, public transport, and private and commercial transport. The paper proposes the methodology to estimate direct and indirect emissions in each of the described sector based on the information that is typicaly available to municipalities in Ukraine. The assessment is conducted on disaggregated level for different fuel types (diesel, petroleum, natural gas, biofuel, electricity, etc.) and separately for each fleet type (buses, trucks, passenger vehicles, specialized machinery). Total CO2 emissions are then estimated by multiplying the amount of fuel consumed by the emission factor for each fuel type and vehicle type. Information of fuel consumption is estimated based on annual milage and estimated based on available data and number of assumptions proposed in the paper. The proposed methodology for greenhouse emissions inventory for the transport sector allows to analyze available data, recommendations for data collection and a methodology for determining CO2 emissions from the operation of the transport system with sufficient accuracy of calculations. Based on these results, it is possible to forecast changes in energy consumption and emissions in the transport sector as a result of various interventions. For example, in Zhytomyr city the results of inventory were used to develop a set of measures, which include updating the rolling stock of electric transport; increasing the energy efficiency of the power grids of the transport system, developing cycling infrastructure.
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审稿时长
8 weeks
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