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Comprehensive physicochemical characterization of Algerian coal powders for the engineering of advanced sustainable materials 用于先进可持续材料工程的阿尔及利亚煤粉的综合物理化学特性分析
Pub Date : 2024-02-29 DOI: 10.15587/2706-5448.2024.299270
M. Ferfar, Elfahem Sakher, Amina Bouras, A. Benselhoub, Nadir Hachemi, Mohammed Massaoudi, N. Dovbash, S. Bellucci
The object of the research is the intriguing and versatile material known as coal that attracted a lot of attention lately because of its potential use in a variety of fields, including cutting-edge building materials, environmental remediation methods, and creative energy storage solutions. This study presents an extensive characterization of Algerian natural coal powders, employing a multifaceted analytical approach that includes Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), X-ray Diffraction (XRD), Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), and Raman Spectroscopy, to reveal their physicochemical properties including morphology, particle size distribution, crystalline structure, and functional groups.The SEM analysis unveiled a heterogeneous morphology with a broad particle size distribution, indicative of the coal's complex structure. The XRD findings, refined using Rietveld analysis, distinguish Carbon (C) and Silicon Dioxide (SiO2) as the primary phases, with crystallite sizes measuring 18.7539 nm for C and 16.6291 nm for SiO2. These phases constitute 98.8 % and 12 % of the composition, respectively, while the presence of quartz underscores the coal’s geological background and its thermal resilience.Regarding the results of the FTIR spectroscopy, absorption peaks corresponding to various functional groups are highlighted, suggesting a rich organic and inorganic composition. Raman spectroscopy corroborates the presence of disordered and graphitic carbon structures, emphasizing the coal's potential for diverse applications. These findings underline the significance of Algerian coal powders for environmental remediation, energy storage, and advanced construction materials, contributing to the advancement of sustainable energy solutions.
这项研究的对象是煤这种有趣的多用途材料,由于其在多个领域的潜在用途,包括尖端建筑材料、环境修复方法和创造性的能源储存解决方案,它最近吸引了大量关注。本研究采用扫描电子显微镜 (SEM)、X 射线衍射 (XRD)、傅立叶变换红外光谱 (FTIR) 和拉曼光谱等多方面的分析方法,对阿尔及利亚天然煤粉进行了广泛的表征,以揭示其物理化学特性,包括形态、粒度分布、结晶结构和官能团。利用里特维尔德分析法精制的 XRD 结果显示,碳(C)和二氧化硅(SiO2)为主要物相,C 的结晶尺寸为 18.7539 nm,SiO2 的结晶尺寸为 16.6291 nm。傅立叶变换红外光谱分析结果表明,煤炭中含有与各种官能团相对应的吸收峰,表明煤炭中含有丰富的有机和无机成分。拉曼光谱证实了无序碳和石墨碳结构的存在,强调了煤炭的多种应用潜力。这些发现强调了阿尔及利亚煤粉在环境修复、能源储存和先进建筑材料方面的重要性,有助于推进可持续能源解决方案。
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引用次数: 0
Exploring the possibility of undesirable manufacturing heritage reduction in parts made of composites and their joints 探索减少复合材料部件及其连接处制造遗产的可能性
Pub Date : 2024-02-29 DOI: 10.15587/2706-5448.2024.299227
I. Taranenko, Tetiana Kupriianova
The object of the research is the possibility of improving the quality of parts made of composites (CM) by means of pre-polymerization treatment of the wet package with intensive pulse loading. The existing technologies for forming parts from CM involve the compaction of the collected impregnated package of reinforcement layers and their subsequent polymerization under the influence of pressure and temperature. As a result of this technology, residual thermal and shrinkage stresses occur in the composite package, which lead to undesirable spatial deformations of profile parts, a violation of monolithicity in the areas of the connection of the composite and metal ends.Using the example of an angular composite profile with a profile with doubler on one of the caps, the residual stress calculation is given and the method of choosing rational angles for stacking the reinforcing material is demonstrated in order to reduce the amount of residual thermal stresses that arise in the composite during its polymerization. The dependence of the twisting parameter of a long-dimensional composite profile of constant cross-section along its axis on the modulus of elasticity and the coefficient of linear temperature expansion is plotted. The work explains the mechanism of the emergence of such harmful technological heredity. The value of the residual deformations was estimated.Based on the analysis of the impregnation process of dry reinforcing material with a binder, the task of increasing the maximum contact area of the binder with fibers is formulated and a possible method of its increase is analyzed. Thus, using the model of capillaries between the fibers of the composite, it is concluded that it is necessary to apply additional pressure to the binder for its deeper advancement between the fibers.Using a synergistic method of combining knowledge from various branches of industry and based on experimental data, a process of pre-polymerization loading of the impregnated package with intense impulse loading (shock waves) is proposed. This process greatly improves the quality of parts of the units produced.
研究的目的是通过对湿包材进行预聚合处理和高强度脉冲加载,提高复合材料(CM)制件的质量。现有的 CM 部件成型技术包括对收集的浸渍强化层复合材料进行压实,然后在压力和温度的影响下进行聚合。该技术的结果是,复合材料包中会产生残余热应力和收缩应力,从而导致型材部件出现不理想的空间变形,并在复合材料和金属端部的连接处破坏整体性。以一个带角度的复合材料型材为例,其中一个盖子上有一个带倍增器的型材,给出了残余应力的计算方法,并演示了选择合理角度堆叠增强材料的方法,以减少复合材料在聚合过程中产生的残余热应力。绘制了轴向横截面恒定的长维复合材料剖面的扭曲参数与弹性模量和线性温度膨胀系数的关系曲线。这项工作解释了出现这种有害技术遗传的机理。根据对干增强材料与粘合剂浸渍过程的分析,提出了增加粘合剂与纤维最大接触面积的任务,并分析了增加接触面积的可能方法。因此,利用复合材料纤维之间的毛细管模型得出结论,有必要对粘合剂施加额外的压力,使其在纤维之间更深入地前进。利用结合各行业知识的协同方法,并以实验数据为基础,提出了用强烈的脉冲加载(冲击波)对浸渍包进行预聚合加载的工艺。这一工艺大大提高了所生产部件的质量。
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引用次数: 0
Estimation of global nanomedicine market: status, segment analysis, dynamics, competition and prospects 估计全球纳米医学市场:现状、细分市场分析、动态、竞争和前景
Pub Date : 2024-02-29 DOI: 10.15587/2706-5448.2024.299271
Viktor Malyshev, A. Gab, V. Kovalenko, Oleksandr Pryshedko, Dmytro Shakhnin
The object of research is the state, segment analysis, dynamics, competition and prospects of the global nanomedicine market. The methods of searching and analyzing literary data, summarizing, systematizing and visualizing data using diagrams are used.In 2020, health care was identified as the most commercial sector of the modern nanotechnology market with a share of capital investments of 19.5 %. The leadership of this field is due to the increased use of nanotechnology in the development of nanodiagnostics, nanosurgical robots, applications for cell repair, nanobiosensors, visualization and targeted drug delivery.According to the analysis of the nanomedicine market, the structure of nanomaterials in 2022 was dominated by the segment of nanoparticles with a share of capital investments of 74 %, by the scope of application – the segment of drug delivery (25.1 %), by the method of action – the segment of treatment (23.8 %), by the scope of action – the segment of clinical oncology (32.4 %), by geographical regions – the segment of the North America region (26.4 %).The main factors of the dynamics of the global market of nanomedicine are determined. This is an increase in the prevalence of chronic diseases; modern achievements in the development of nanomaterials and nanotechnologies; limited possibilities of the nanomedicine market; significant costs for scientific research, development of drugs and devices. As well as concerns about the safety of using nanomaterials and nanotechnologies; the potential toxicity and long-term effects of nanoparticle exposure on human health are under investigation.Prospects for further scientific research in the field of nanomedicine are determined. This is the deepening of collaboration and cooperation of the world's scientists and manufacturers of medical nanoproducts; development of new technologies for obtaining nanoparticles, especially composites of organic and inorganic origin; creation of medicinal forms for external, internal and inhalation use. As well as the search for new nanopreparations and studying the mechanisms of their therapeutic action; research of toxicological, kinetic and dynamic effects of nanomaterials; establishment of all aspects of the interaction of nanostructures with the body and the environment. And a significant increase in the volume of scientific research on nanomedicine and nanophysiotherapy; an increase in government funding for research and development, which will open up attractive opportunities for the expansion of the global nanomedicine market.
研究对象是全球纳米医学市场的现状、细分市场分析、动态、竞争和前景。2020 年,医疗保健被认为是现代纳米技术市场中最具商业价值的领域,其资本投资份额为 19.5%。根据纳米医学市场分析,2022 年纳米材料的结构以纳米颗粒领域为主,资本投资份额为 74%,应用范围--药物输送领域(25.1 %),按作用方法划分--治疗细分市场(23.8 %),按作用范围划分--临床肿瘤细分市场(32.4 %),按地理区域划分--北美地区细分市场(26.4 %)。这些因素包括:慢性疾病发病率的上升;纳米材料和纳米技术发展的现代成就;纳米医学市场的有限可能性;科学研究、药物和设备开发的巨大成本。此外,人们还对使用纳米材料和纳米技术的安全性表示担忧;纳米粒子暴露对人体健康的潜在毒性和长期影响也在调查之中。这就是加深世界科学家和医疗纳米产品制造商之间的协作与合作;开发获取纳米粒子的新技术,特别是有机和无机复合材料;创造外用、内服和吸入的药用形式。以及寻找新的纳米制剂并研究其治疗作用机制;研究纳米材料的毒理学、动力学和动态效应;确定纳米结构与人体和环境相互作用的各个方面。纳米医学和纳米物理疗法的科学研究数量大幅增加;政府对研究和开发的资助增加,这将为全球纳米医学市场的扩张带来诱人的机遇。
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引用次数: 0
Exploring the importance of building strong customer relationships 探讨建立牢固客户关系的重要性
Pub Date : 2024-02-29 DOI: 10.15587/2706-5448.2024.299219
Maia Seturi
The object of the research is the role of creating customer satisfaction in retaining them and establishing long-term relationships with customers. Establishing market relations is accompanied by many challenges. Among them is increasing the competitiveness of companies to gain more success in the market. Without it, local business development is impossible. In this case, companies are greatly helped by realizing the role and importance of relationship marketing and using its approaches in practical activities. This has become one of the most relevant topics. Marketing is important for organizations to continue operating in business. Earnings are necessary to ensure the processes of production of goods. In the company, it is mainly marketing that is of decisive importance in generating revenues. It is important to know the key determinants that influence customer acquisition and subsequent retention.The work aimed to find out and determine the importance and role of creating customer satisfaction in retaining them and establishing long-term relationships with customers. Various indicators are used to determine this. There are different views and opinions regarding the named issues. Secondary data from the websites of various organizations and companies are used in this study. Taking into account the results of this work, companies will be able to make a critical analysis of their work with customers in the market, identify their weaknesses in this regard, and then take real steps to improve the situation. The paper discusses some approaches to the calculation of customer satisfaction indices, some different views and approaches expressed in this direction.A clear picture of the current situation in Georgia in the mentioned direction is created based on various reliable information sources. It is found that companies use only accumulation of points systems. In this article, the author discusses the conceptual aspects of relationship marketing, the opinions of various scientists and specialists are analyzed in this direction.The article presents a number of conclusions and recommendations of the author in the direction of increasing the effectiveness of the use of relationship marketing.
研究对象是创造客户满意度对留住客户和与客户建立长期关系的作用。建立市场关系伴随着许多挑战。其中之一就是提高公司的竞争力,以便在市场上获得更大的成功。否则,本地业务发展就无从谈起。在这种情况下,认识到关系营销的作用和重要性,并在实际活动中使用其方法,对企业大有裨益。这已成为最相关的话题之一。市场营销对企业的持续经营非常重要。盈利是确保商品生产过程的必要条件。在公司中,对创收起决定性作用的主要是市场营销。了解影响客户获取和后续保留的关键决定因素非常重要。这项工作旨在找出并确定创造客户满意度在保留客户和与客户建立长期关系方面的重要性和作用。为此采用了各种指标。对于所命名的问题存在不同的观点和意见。本研究使用了来自不同组织和公司网站的二手数据。考虑到这项工作的结果,公司将能够对其在市场中与客户的合作进行批判性分析,找出自己在这方面的弱点,然后采取切实措施来改善这种状况。本文讨论了计算客户满意度指数的一些方法,以及在此方面表达的一些不同观点和方法。根据各种可靠的信息来源,本文清晰地描绘了格鲁吉亚在上述方面的现状。根据各种可靠的信息来源,我们可以清楚地了解格鲁吉亚在上述方面的现状。在本文中,作者讨论了关系营销的概念方面,分析了不同科学家和专家在这方面的观点。文章提出了作者在提高关系营销使用效率方面的一些结论和建议。
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引用次数: 0
Research into arsenic (III) effective catalytic oxidation in an aqueous solution on a new active manganese dioxide in a flow column 新型活性二氧化锰在流动柱水溶液中有效催化氧化砷 (III) 的研究
Pub Date : 2024-02-29 DOI: 10.15587/2706-5448.2024.298969
Denis Abower
Groundwater in many places on Earth contains arsenic compounds. Arsenic (III) compounds must be oxidised to purify water containing arsenic effectively. The subject of this study is oxidation of arsenic (III) compounds in an aqueous solution.Today’s most common industrial arsenic oxidation method using aggressive oxidising agents such as chlorine or ozone has a number of serious disadvantages. The most problematic of these include extremely high risks to human health and the environment, the cost and overall complexity of the process. Catalytic oxidation of arsenic (III) compounds using atmospheric oxygen is an alternative free from the above disadvantages, yet, to date, no information about effective catalysts for this process has been presented in the literature.The arsenic (III) catalytic oxidation process is studied in an aqueous solution on a new active manganese dioxide (NAMD) synthesised by the author. A comparative experimental analysis is performed with other known modifications of manganese dioxide. It is shown that the new active manganese dioxide (NAMD) has high catalytic activity towards arsenic (III), this being confirmed experimentally in both a limited volume and a flow column mode. Some theoretical aspects of the mechanism for catalytic oxidation of arsenic (III) with oxygen on active manganese dioxide in an aqueous solution are also discussed on the basis of the research results.Experimental work is required at pilot plants in the field for successful industrial implementation of the technology for catalytic oxidation of arsenic (III) compounds on NAMD. Further laboratory research is necessary for developing a detailed theoretical basis for catalytic oxidation of arsenic in aqueous solutions.The results of this research are of interest to industrial companies specialising in removing arsenic compounds from water, to scientists and researchers studying catalytic oxidation of arsenic (III), as well as heterogeneous catalytic oxidation with oxygen in general.
地球上许多地方的地下水都含有砷化合物。要有效净化含砷的水,必须对砷(III)化合物进行氧化。本研究的主题是水溶液中砷(III)化合物的氧化。当今最常见的工业砷氧化方法是使用氯或臭氧等腐蚀性氧化剂,这种方法有许多严重的缺点。其中最严重的问题包括:对人类健康和环境的风险极高、工艺成本高且总体复杂。利用大气中的氧气对砷(III)化合物进行催化氧化是一种没有上述缺点的替代方法,但迄今为止,文献中还没有关于该工艺的有效催化剂的资料。与其他已知的二氧化锰改性物质进行了对比实验分析。实验表明,新的活性二氧化锰(NAMD)对砷(III)具有很高的催化活性,这在有限体积和流动柱模式下都得到了证实。在研究成果的基础上,还讨论了活性二氧化锰在水溶液中与氧气催化氧化砷(III)的机理的一些理论方面。这项研究成果对专门从事去除水中砷化合物的工业公司、研究砷(III)催化氧化以及一般氧气异相催化氧化的科学家和研究人员都很有意义。
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引用次数: 0
Technology audit of the Nigerian agricultural sector: towards food security 尼日利亚农业部门技术审计:实现粮食安全
Pub Date : 2024-02-29 DOI: 10.15587/2706-5448.2024.299274
R. A. Ayo-Lawal
Technology-driven innovation has been generally believed to play a key role in the building of a sustainable economy. The object of the research is the audit of agricultural technology for businesses in Nigeria. This research aimed to audit the existing technologies for agricultural businesses in Nigeria, in a bid to determine the technological strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and needs that are required to transform the sector to an enviable status.The methodology involved the use of a well-structured questionnaire for data collection from 133 randomly selected agriculture-based firms, spread across the country. The instrument inquired about the technology use, needs, and prospective technological potentials. Issues relating to effective utilization, technology diffusion, and factors affecting the firms were also assessed.The results of the technology audit of the Nigerian agriculture sector revealed the prevalence of medium and low-classed technologies among the surveyed firms, while a majority desired the technologies in the medium-to-high category. Firms scarcely (4.4 %) deploy high technologies, and effective diffusion of available technologies is due largely to human/technical factors. A good percentage of respondents affirmed competency and continuous training as critical factors for the effective utilization of technologies. Finances are critical not only to acquire, but also to run, maintain, hire experts, and perform other necessary activities that would enhance effective use of technologies.The present results revealed that most firms do not opt for high technologies mainly because of a huge capital base, and unavailability of basic infrastructures such as power, and space which many of the surveyed firms considered unsurmountable. Thus, a lot is required technology-wise for Nigeria to achieve sustainable and innovative agricultural growth.
人们普遍认为,技术驱动型创新在建设可持续经济中发挥着关键作用。本研究的目标是对尼日利亚企业的农业技术进行审计。本研究旨在对尼日利亚农业企业的现有技术进行审计,以确定该部门转型到令人羡慕的地位所需的技术优势、劣势、机遇和需求。研究方法包括使用结构合理的调查问卷,从全国各地随机抽取的 133 家农业企业收集数据。问卷调查了技术使用情况、需求和未来技术潜力。尼日利亚农业部门的技术审计结果显示,接受调查的企业普遍采用中低级技术,而大多数企业希望采用中高级技术。几乎没有企业(4.4%)采用高新技术,现有技术的有效推广主要是由于人力/技术因素。相当比例的受访者认为,能力和持续培训是有效利用技术的关键因素。目前的调查结果显示,大多数企业不选择高科技的主要原因是资本基础庞大,以及缺乏电力和空间等基本的基础设施。因此,尼日利亚要实现可持续和创新的农业增长,还需要大量的技术。
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引用次数: 0
Improvement of the methodology for predicting gas-dynamic phenomena on the basis of modern sound-capturing equipment 在现代声音捕捉设备的基础上改进预测气体动力现象的方法
Pub Date : 2024-02-26 DOI: 10.15587/2706-5448.2024.298907
Vyacheslav Krasnyk, Boris Deglin
The object of the study is the sound accompaniment of the processes of stress redistribution in the bottom part of the coal seam, which precede the release of rock, coal, and gas. Among the hazards of underground coal mining, gas-dynamic phenomena (GDP) are the most complex in nature and the most dangerous in terms of consequences of high dynamic power and the release of a large amount of mechanical energy in the form of fractures and gas in a short period of time. This leads to accidents due to sudden gassing and blockages of workings with coal and rock, as well as explosions of methane and coal dust, destruction of the workings' support, damage to machinery and mechanisms, equipment, and devices. The greatest hazard among GDPs is posed by sudden releases of coal and gas, rock and gas, gas releases with destruction of host rocks and with destruction of the ground of the workings, as well as gas breakthroughs from tectonic fault zones.Therefore, the accuracy of predicting possible gas-dynamic phenomena significantly affects the level of safety of miners. The acoustic emission (AE) method is used to predict the gas-dynamic activity of a rock massif. The analysis of acoustic emission studies based on archival data in coal seams subject to gas-dynamic activity has made it possible to substantiate the possibility of improving the accuracy of the forecast of emission hazard, which has a social and economic effect. On the basis of exploratory research and production tests, the software for automated calculations of the GDP forecast was improved and an improved Methodology for forecasting gas-dynamic phenomena based on modern sound-capturing equipment was developed. A scientific justification for the reference interval of AE observations in the conditions of a particular longwall was developed.The developed software and the forecasting methodology were tested in the conditions of the Tsentralna mine of the Toretskugol State Enterprise (Toretsk, Donetsk region, Ukraine). The practical significance of the work is that a method for predicting explosion hazard has been developed, taking into account the modern capabilities of equipment and methods of input data processing, which allows to increase the productivity of mining and tunneling operations in coal seams without reducing the safety of miners.
研究对象是煤层底部应力再分布过程的声音伴音,该过程发生在岩石、煤和瓦斯释放之前。在地下煤矿开采的危害中,瓦斯动力现象(GDP)的性质最为复杂,其后果也最为危险,因为它具有高动力,并能在短时间内以裂缝和瓦斯的形式释放大量机械能。这就导致了煤和岩石突然冒气和堵塞工作面、甲烷和煤尘爆炸、工作面支架破坏、机械和机构、设备和装置损坏等事故。煤与瓦斯、岩石与瓦斯的突然释放、瓦斯释放与主岩的破坏、工作面地面的破坏以及构造断层带的瓦斯突入是 GDPs 中最大的危害。声发射 (AE) 方法用于预测岩体的瓦斯动力活动。根据受瓦斯动力活动影响的煤层的档案数据对声波发射研究进行分析,可以证实提高发射危险预测准确性的可能性,这对社会和经济都有影响。在探索性研究和生产试验的基础上,改进了自动计算 GDP 预报的软件,并在现代声音捕捉设备的基础上开发了改进的瓦斯动力现象预报方法。开发的软件和预测方法在 Toretskugol 国营企业 Tsentralna 矿(乌克兰顿涅茨克州 Toretsk)进行了测试。这项工作的实际意义在于,在考虑到现代设备能力和输入数据处理方法的情况下,开发了一种预测爆炸危险的方法,从而在不降低矿工安全的前提下,提高了煤层开采和掘进作业的生产率。
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引用次数: 0
Streamlining marketing activities: essential tools for organizational success 精简营销活动:组织成功的必要工具
Pub Date : 2024-02-26 DOI: 10.15587/2706-5448.2024.298828
O. Zhylinska, Nadiia Sviderska
The object of this research is the role of organizational tools in enhancing the efficiency, productivity, and overall performance of marketing teams.Despite the immense potential of organizational tools to revolutionize marketing operations, many teams fail to take full advantage of their benefits. This is due to a combination of factors, including lack of awareness, where a significant proportion of marketing teams are unaware of the vast array of organizational tools available and their potential to improve productivity. And a lack of training, where even when teams are aware of these tools, they often lack adequate training or guidance on how to integrate and use them effectively. And cost concerns, where the perceived high cost of organizational tools often deters teams from investing in these technologies.The research indicates that organizational tools provide significant benefits to marketing teams, including improved efficiency through task automation, streamlined workflows, and centralized information access, as well as enhanced productivity through improved collaboration, data-driven decision-making, and project management capabilities. Effective marketing efforts supported by organizational tools can boost performance, resulting in improved customer engagement, increased ROI, and overall business growth.This paper aimed to provide marketing teams with a comprehensive insight into the benefits and applications of organizational tools. It is examined the wide range of organizational tools available and provides guidance on selecting the most appropriate tools to meet specific marketing needs. In addition, the paper addressed common challenges that marketing teams face in adopting and maximizing the effectiveness of organizational tools.
本研究的目标是组织工具在提高营销团队的效率、生产力和整体绩效方面的作用。尽管组织工具在彻底改变营销运作方面具有巨大潜力,但许多团队未能充分利用这些工具的优势。这是由多种因素共同造成的,其中包括缺乏意识,即相当一部分营销团队不了解大量可用的组织工具及其提高生产率的潜力。缺乏培训,即使团队了解这些工具,也往往缺乏足够的培训或指导,不知道如何有效地整合和使用这些工具。研究表明,组织工具可为营销团队带来显著效益,包括通过任务自动化、简化工作流程和集中信息访问提高效率,以及通过改进协作、数据驱动决策和项目管理能力提高生产力。在组织工具的支持下,有效的营销工作可以提升业绩,从而提高客户参与度、增加投资回报率和整体业务增长。本文旨在让营销团队全面了解组织工具的好处和应用,研究了各种可用的组织工具,并就如何选择最合适的工具以满足特定的营销需求提供了指导。此外,本文还探讨了营销团队在采用组织工具并使其发挥最大效用时所面临的共同挑战。
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引用次数: 0
Time history nonlinear analysis for 2D modelization of an existing building using flexibility and displacement-based formulation 利用基于弹性和位移的公式对现有建筑的二维建模进行时间历程非线性分析
Pub Date : 2024-02-24 DOI: 10.15587/2706-5448.2024.298870
M. Belgasmia, Sabah Moussaoui, Rebadj Chabane
The object of the research is the response of a structure in time between formulations, namely force-based (flexibility-based) and displacement-based.An existing two-story reinforced concrete structure subjected to three earthquakes separately is presented in order to carry out a comparative study in terms of time history structure response between the two formulations cited above namely force based (flexibility based) and displacement based.This research aimed to compare between two formulations namely displacement based and force-based (flexibility-based), in order to show the accuracy and the reliability of the second one. In the case of nonlinear time history response of a residential two-storey reinforced concrete building, which is representative of typical residential building construction in Italy in the 1970’s and 1980’s with the aim of taking advantages of flexibility-based formulation if the comparison proves conclusive.In the course of the research, the former approach is a classical two-node, displacement-based, Euler-Bernoulli frame element with the disadvantage of discretizing the structure thus increasing the number of degrees of freedom and equation, in order to achieve the required precision. The latter is a two-node, force-based, Euler Bernoulli frame element. The main advantage of the second element is that it is «exact» within the relevant frame element theory. This implies that one element per frame member (beam or column) is used in preparing the frame mesh, thus leading to a reduction of the global number of degrees of freedom. Therefore, a reduction in number of equations to solve, resulting in a saving of time with increased precision.An existing two-story reinforced concrete structure subjected to three earthquakes separately is presented in order to carry out a comparative study in terms of time history structure response between the two formulations cited above namely force based (flexibility-based) and displacement-based. As a result of the research, it is shown that with flexibility-based approach no discretization error occurs and all governing equations are satisfied exactly, making a possibility of simpler and faster numerical modeling. In the proposed approach will be of great use in the field of numerical modeling due to its ease and accuracy. This elegant formulation is promising for future work thanks to its advantages.
本研究的目的是比较基于位移的计算方法和基于力(基于柔性)的计算方法这两种计算方法之间的结构时间响应,以显示第二种计算方法的准确性和可靠性。在研究过程中,前一种方法是经典的双节点、基于位移的欧拉-伯努利框架元素,其缺点是为了达到所需的精度而将结构离散化,从而增加了自由度和方程的数量。后者是一种基于力的双节点欧拉-伯努利框架元素。第二种元素的主要优势在于它在相关框架元素理论中是 "精确的"。这意味着在编制框架网格时,每个框架构件(梁或柱)只需使用一个元素,从而减少了整体自由度数。为了对上述基于力(基于柔性)和基于位移的两种计算方法的时间历史结构响应进行比较研究,本文介绍了一个分别经受三次地震的现有两层钢筋混凝土结构。研究结果表明,基于柔性的方法不会产生离散化误差,所有的控制方程都能得到精确满足,从而使数值建模变得更加简单和快速。由于其简便性和准确性,所提出的方法将在数值建模领域大有用武之地。由于其优点,这种优雅的表述方式在未来的工作中大有可为。
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引用次数: 0
Double inclined cracks overlapping effect on mixed stress intensity factors using XFEM object-oriented implementation 利用面向对象的 XFEM 实现双斜裂缝重叠对混合应力强度因子的影响
Pub Date : 2024-02-24 DOI: 10.15587/2706-5448.2024.298883
Rebadj Chabane, Sabah Moussaoui, M. Belgasmia
The object of research is the Mixed Mode Stress Intensity Factor (MMSIF) of a two-dimensional (2D) plate.With the emergence of modern technologies and advanced innovations which contribute to the development and improvement of the design, implementation and management of construction projects, it has become easier. However, it is very difficult to manufacture components free from unavoidable defects, such as cracks, which lead to material deterioration and ultimately shorten its service life. Based on the process of local enrichment region using partition of unity concept, the extended finite element method (XFEM) has overcome the limitations of the standard FEM method in terms of modeling and numerical simulation of discontinuities (cracks) while gaining its general advantages. This makes XFEM a powerful and widely used digital tool in recent years. One of the most frequently raised problems in the discontinuities field (cracks) is the phenomenon of juxtaposition of multiple cracks in a cracked isotropic plate, which must be studied to determine the extent of its effect on the crack stress intensity factor in order to obtain higher safety reliability. On this basis, an improved object-oriented programming (OOP) with extended finite elements was used because of its great importance and well-known benefits.In this paper, the MMSIF of a 2D plate is determined to show the effect of the out-of-phase orientation of the angle, as well as the effect of the juxtaposition of two inclined cracks. As a result of the research, it is shown that, the convergence between the results obtained in this study with those reported in the literature, and to theoretical values is remarkable, and their close agreement was noted. In the future, based on the object-oriented approach characteristics represented by flexibility, scalability, and modularity, which were explained in this research, this proposed approach can be enriched to include heterogeneous materials modeling, whether linear or nonlinear, crack propagation in dynamics, in addition to Complex 3D industrial problems.
研究对象是二维(2D)板材的混合模式应力强度因子(MMSIF)。随着现代技术和先进创新的出现,建筑项目的设计、实施和管理的发展和改进变得更加容易。然而,要制造出没有不可避免的缺陷(如裂缝)的构件是非常困难的,这些缺陷会导致材料老化,并最终缩短其使用寿命。扩展有限元法(XFEM)基于使用统一分割概念的局部富集区过程,克服了标准有限元法在非连续性(裂纹)建模和数值模拟方面的局限性,同时获得了其普遍优势。这使得 XFEM 成为近年来功能强大、应用广泛的数字工具。不连续面(裂缝)领域最常见的问题之一是各向同性裂缝板中多条裂缝并存的现象,必须研究这种现象对裂缝应力强度因子的影响程度,以获得更高的安全可靠性。在此基础上,由于扩展有限元的重要性和众所周知的优点,采用了改进的面向对象编程 (OOP)。本文确定了二维板的 MMSIF,以显示角的相外取向的影响,以及两条倾斜裂缝并置的影响。研究结果表明,本研究获得的结果与文献报道的结果以及理论值之间的趋同性非常显著,而且两者之间的吻合度很高。未来,基于本研究中阐述的以灵活性、可扩展性和模块性为代表的面向对象方法的特点,除了复杂的三维工业问题外,还可以丰富本建议的方法,以包括线性或非线性异质材料建模、动态裂纹扩展等。
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Technology audit and production reserves
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