珍妮-赫瓦尔《腐烂天堂》中的畸形蘑菇、有毒爱情和同性恋乌托邦

Hannah Elizabeth Pezzack
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摘要

本文通过对珍妮-赫瓦尔(Jenny Hval)2018 年出版的小说《腐烂的天堂》(Paradise Rot)的细读,试图揭示出乌托邦的潜能,这种潜能根植于对身体的重新想象,即身体不是一个自足的存在,而是一个延伸到皮肤之外的错综复杂的网络。它挑战了将人类与动植物等非人类隔离开来的西方主流认识论。通过采用哥特式恐怖文学的惯例,分析侧重于《天堂轮》中心人物之间奇特的、相互依存的关系:Carral 和 Johanna。随着这两个女人令人不安的爱情故事的展开,她们成为了一个共生和菌根实体,就像栖息在她们破旧房子里的发芽蘑菇一样。本文探讨了蘑菇带来的隐喻和实际挑战,强调了真菌网络的相互关联性和非单一性。赫瓦尔挑衅性地将主人公的同性恋身份与真菌联系在一起,而真菌通常都被妖魔化为异类、污染和怪胎。此外,本文还将这些特征与经典哥特式恐怖小说中的同性恋吸血鬼和苏珊-斯特赖克(Susan Stryker)笔下的变性人弗兰肯斯坦(Frankenstein)等同性恋形象相联系。马克思主义者将吸血鬼对血液的寄生需求与资本主义对劳动力的剥削进行了比较。通过卡拉尔这个人物,我认为吸血鬼具有救赎的特质,揭示了我们依赖他人生存的根本原因。赫瓦尔的小说揭示了一个基本的、直面的事实:我们彼此需要,而且在岌岌可危的时代比以往任何时候都更加需要。在气候危机、新自由主义个人主义和经济持续不稳定的背景下,理解我们对彼此和环境的亏欠对于地球的生存至关重要。晚期资本主义社会中的关爱纽带是复杂、混乱和不平等的,然而,正如学者莉亚-拉克希米-皮埃普兹纳-萨马拉辛哈(2018)所言,通过认识到我们彼此的依赖,我们可能会实现一个乌托邦,在那里,一个人对他人的依赖是无法也无需掩盖的。
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Monstrous Mushrooms, Toxic Love and Queer Utopias in Jenny Hval's Paradise Rot
Embarking on a close reading of Jenny Hval's 2018 novel, Paradise Rot, this paper sets out to unveil the utopic potential rooted in reimagining the body not as a self-contained being but as an intricate network extending beyond the confines of the skin. It challenges prevailing Western epistemologies that isolate humans, hierarchically distancing them from non-humans such as plants and animals. By taking up the literary conventions of gothic horror, the analysis focuses on the peculiar, co-dependent relationship of Paradise Rot's central characters: Carral and Johanna. As the women’s unsettling love affair unfolds, they become a symbiotic and mycorrhizal entity akin to the sprouting mushrooms inhabiting their dilapidated house. Exploring the metaphorical and tangible challenges posed by mushrooms, the paper underscores the interconnected, non-singular nature of fungal networks. Hval provocatively links the queerness of her main characters with fungi, both typically demonized as alien, contaminating, and freakish. This paper furthermore aligns these characteristics with queered figures from classic gothic horror, including the lesbian vampire and Susan Stryker’s transgendered Frankenstein. Together, these monstrous entities disturb the boundaries between the “natural” and the supernatural, the human and the non-human, the living and the dead. Marxists have drawn comparisons between the vampire’s parasitic need to feed on blood and capitalism’s exploitation of labor. Through the character of Carral, who I read as a femme vamp figure, I argue that vampires have redemptive qualities that illuminate our fundamental dependence on others to survive. Hval's novel illustrates the essential, confronting fact that we need one another, and more so than ever in precarious times. In the context of the climate crisis, neoliberal individualism, and ongoing economic instability, understanding our indebtedness to one another and our environments is crucial for planetary survival. Ties of care in late capitalist societies are complex, messy, and unequal, yet by recognizing our reliance on one another, we might, as scholar Leah Lakshmi Piepzna-Samarasinha (2018) argues, realize a utopia where one’s dependence on others cannot, and need not, be concealed.
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