Emerging nonpharmacological therapies for epilepsy management in Africa: a review of current trends

This narrative review provides an overview of the emerging nonpharmacological therapies for epilepsy management in Africa. Evidence from clinical trials and meta-analyses suggests that nonpharmacological therapies, such as ketogenic diets, neurofeedback, yoga, and acupuncture, offer potential benefits as adjunct or alternative therapies to pharmacological approaches. These therapies have been shown to reduce seizure frequency and improve the quality of life in patients with epilepsy. However, implementing nonpharmacological therapies in Africa presents challenges such as lack of access and affordability, limited evidence, cultural and attitudinal barriers, and cost. Despite these challenges, healthcare providers should be aware of nonpharmacological therapies and have access to adequate resources for their implementation. The review emphasises the need for further research to explore the potential of combining pharmacological and nonpharmacological therapies, as well as identifying patient populations that may benefit most from nonpharmacological therapies. It also identifies the importance of addressing the challenges associated with nonpharmacological therapies, such as access, affordability, and standardisation, to ensure successful implementation in Africa.