不良资产--内容分析和解决建议

Dr. Parmod Kumar Sharma, Dr. Babli Dhiman
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摘要

从 2015 年到 2022 年,不良资产(又称不良贷款)对印度在册商业银行(SCBs)的财务状况造成了严重破坏。2008 年全球危机后,印度政府启动了发展阶段,这些银行的预付款出现异常增长,之后不良贷款开始堆积。在此期间,由于发起人对成功和盈利过于乐观,制造业和基础设施项目融资增加。银行争相在钢铁、矿业、航空和道路建设等行业分一杯羹。银行贷款激增的同时,不良贷款也在增加。多年来,不良资产对印度各家银行的财务业绩产生了负面影响(Sharma & Dhiman,2023 年)。虽然不良资产不能从银行的贷款组合中完全抹去,但控制银行业财务业绩的这一关键参数非常重要。不良资产管理对银行的盈利能力和经济增长意义重大。坏账或净资产损益并不总是由于银行的过失造成的。尽管不同银行的管理层都在尽力减少呆账或坏账,但由于各种宏观经济因素、借款人相关因素以及有时与银行相关的特定因素,要从银行账簿中完全消除呆账或坏账是不可能的。然而,审慎的董事会政策、对借款人进行适当的批准前评估以及银行对大额借款人的批准后付款进行法证审计,可以在很大程度上遏制不良贷款的威胁。
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Non-Performing Assets - Content Analysis and Suggestions for Resolution
Non-performing assets also known as Bad Loans have played havoc with financials of Scheduled Commercial Banks (SCBs) in India from 2015 to 2022. The NPAs started piling up after an abnormal growth in advances of these banks in the developmental phase unleashed by the Government of India after the 2008 Global crises. The period witnessed a rise in manufacturing and infrastructure project financing imbued with over optimism of promoters for success and profitabilty. Banks vied with one another to share a piece of pie for opportunities in sectors like Iron and Steel, Mining, Aviation and Road Construction. The spurt in advances of banks also witnessed a simultaneous rise in their bad loans. NPAs have impacted negatively the financial performance of various Indian banks over the years (Sharma & Dhiman 2023). Though Non-Performing Assets cannot be wiped off completely from the advances portfolio of the banks yet it is important to control this critical parameter of financial performance of the banking sector. Management of NPAs is significant for bank profitability and growth of the economy. Bad debts or NPAs are not always created due to the fault of a bank. Though managements of different banks try their best to reduce NPAs but due to various macroeconomic, borrower related and at times bank related specific factors it is not possible to eliminate these altogether from the banking book. However prudent board policies, proper pre-sanction appraisal of borrowers and post sanction forensic audit of disbursements to large borrowers by the banks can go a long way in curbing the menace of bad loans.
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