Study of the composition of high molecular asphaltenes of bituminous oils using ruthenium ion-catalyzed oxidation reaction

Relevance. Conditioned by the need to expand the amount of data on composition and structure of the asphaltene constituents of heavy oils. The data are important for creation of new and modernization of existing technologies for processing unconventional hydrocarbon raw materials. Aim. To study the composition of structural fragments in macromolecules of asphaltenes of bituminous oils from the Ashalchinskoe, Usinskoe, and Nurlatskoe oilfields using the ruthenium ion-catalyzed oxidation. Object. Fractions of high-molecular asphaltenes, which make up the bulk of the asphaltene constituents of the Ashalchinskoe, Usinskoe, and Nurlatskoe oils (94.1; 92.1 and 95.0 rel. %). Methods. Elemental analysis, cryoscopy in benzene, selective chemical destruction of Car–C bonds using a ruthenium ion-catalyzed oxidation, gas chromatography–mass spectrometry. Results. It has been established that the structure of high-molecular asphaltenes of bituminous oils from the Ashalchinskoe, Usinskoe, and Nurlatskoe oilfields contains fragments bound to the core of their molecules through Car.–C bridges and compounds trapped in the hollow cells of macromolecular entities of asphaltenes during kerogen cracking. It follows from the analysis of the oxidation products that the covalently bonded fragments are represented by C8–C32 n-alkanes, branched C9–C30 alkanes (2-methylalkanes and C15, C19, C20 isoprenoids), C22–C24 cheilanthanes, C27, C29–C33 hopanes and long chain alkyl bridges (C9–C30) connecting aromatic blocks. Most of the fragments linked by Car.–C bridges are linear paraffin chains. Typical biological markers, i. e. n-alkanes and hopanes were identified among the occluded compounds.