Pub Date : 2024-07-23DOI: 10.18799/24131830/2024/7/4546
Tatiana I. Romanova, Mihail G. Korotkov, Yuri V. Korzhov
Relevance. New data on the content of lanthanides in the water–rock system are important for understanding the behavior of rare-earth elements in the environment, open up the possibility of using them as indicators of geochemical processes and anthropogenic factor, taking into account the specialities of their migration and fractionation. Aim. Assessment of the quantitative content and distribution of rare-earth elements (La, Ce, Pr, Nd, Pm, Sm, Eu, Gd, Tb, Dy, Ho, Er, Tm, Yb, Lu) in the surface and underground waters of Khanty-Mansiysk to identify the main patterns of their behavior. Objects. Surface and underground waters of the natural reserve Samarovsky Chugas, as well as ground deposits and products of secondary mineral formation. Methods. The bulk analysis of water is performed by a standard set of spectral and electrochemical methods. The rare-earth content was determined by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. Chemical composition of ground deposits and secondary mineral formation products – by neutron activation analysis. Results. The paper demonstrates rare-earth elements behavior in aqueous medium, ground deposits and products of secondary mineral formation. Different approaches to rare-earth elements rationing in waters and solid sediments showed comparability of lanthanide distribution spectra to each other and made it possible to identify some features of the rare-earth elements distribution pattern in different environments. In the waters, there are positive anomalies of europium and gadolinium and negative anomaly of cesium. Gadolinium anomalies were detected in ground deposits, and europium in secondary mineral formation products. The high migration activity of the entire considered series of rare-earth elements in the solution coming from the holding deposits was established. During following geochemical processes, mainly middle lanthanides (Sm, Eu, Gd, and Tb) fall out of the solution in the form of secondary mineral formation products.
{"title":"Prevalence of rare earth elements in natural waters of Khanty-Mansiysk","authors":"Tatiana I. Romanova, Mihail G. Korotkov, Yuri V. Korzhov","doi":"10.18799/24131830/2024/7/4546","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18799/24131830/2024/7/4546","url":null,"abstract":"Relevance. New data on the content of lanthanides in the water–rock system are important for understanding the behavior of rare-earth elements in the environment, open up the possibility of using them as indicators of geochemical processes and anthropogenic factor, taking into account the specialities of their migration and fractionation. Aim. Assessment of the quantitative content and distribution of rare-earth elements (La, Ce, Pr, Nd, Pm, Sm, Eu, Gd, Tb, Dy, Ho, Er, Tm, Yb, Lu) in the surface and underground waters of Khanty-Mansiysk to identify the main patterns of their behavior. Objects. Surface and underground waters of the natural reserve Samarovsky Chugas, as well as ground deposits and products of secondary mineral formation. Methods. The bulk analysis of water is performed by a standard set of spectral and electrochemical methods. The rare-earth content was determined by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. Chemical composition of ground deposits and secondary mineral formation products – by neutron activation analysis. Results. The paper demonstrates rare-earth elements behavior in aqueous medium, ground deposits and products of secondary mineral formation. Different approaches to rare-earth elements rationing in waters and solid sediments showed comparability of lanthanide distribution spectra to each other and made it possible to identify some features of the rare-earth elements distribution pattern in different environments. In the waters, there are positive anomalies of europium and gadolinium and negative anomaly of cesium. Gadolinium anomalies were detected in ground deposits, and europium in secondary mineral formation products. The high migration activity of the entire considered series of rare-earth elements in the solution coming from the holding deposits was established. During following geochemical processes, mainly middle lanthanides (Sm, Eu, Gd, and Tb) fall out of the solution in the form of secondary mineral formation products. ","PeriodicalId":513946,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of the Tomsk Polytechnic University Geo Assets Engineering","volume":"65 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141813045","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-23DOI: 10.18799/24131830/2024/7/4393
M. Semin, Stanislav V. Maltsev, Vladimir A. Rodionov
Relevance. The need to improve methods for calculating the operating parameters of jet fans in mine workings. The use of jet fans operating without air stopping is a promising option for increasing the efficiency of ventilation of large-section mine working systems. Operational analysis of the effectiveness of the selected parameters of jet fans and mixing chambers is possible only if there are sufficiently universal and accurate methods for calculating equivalent characteristics. While the approaches existing today have, as a rule, only one of the above properties. Aim. To determine the patterns of changes in the aerodynamic parameters of the air flow as it moves through a mine working with the jet fan operating without air stopping. Objects. Air flows generated in a large-section mine working as a result of the operation of the jet fan with a mixing chamber. Methods. Three-dimensional numerical simulation of steady-state turbulent air flow in a mine working, comparative analysis of calculation results for different locations of the jet fan, comparative analysis of numerically calculated equivalent characteristics of the jet fan with an analytical formula. Results. The authors have determined the patterns of changes in mechanical energy and static pressure of the air flow as it moves along the mine working. Multiparameter numerical simulation for various airflow rates at the entrance to the mine working made it possible to obtain equivalent pressure characteristics of the VM-8 jet fan with a mixing chamber, which can be used in one-dimensional calculations of the steady-state distribution of flow rates in the mine ventilation networks. A comparative analysis of simulation data with a known analytical dependence of the pressure drop made it possible to determine the directions for further improvement of analytical methods for describing air flow in mine workings with jet fans equipped with mixing chambers.
{"title":"Improving methods for calculating the equivalent pressure of jet fans in large-section mine workings","authors":"M. Semin, Stanislav V. Maltsev, Vladimir A. Rodionov","doi":"10.18799/24131830/2024/7/4393","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18799/24131830/2024/7/4393","url":null,"abstract":"Relevance. The need to improve methods for calculating the operating parameters of jet fans in mine workings. The use of jet fans operating without air stopping is a promising option for increasing the efficiency of ventilation of large-section mine working systems. Operational analysis of the effectiveness of the selected parameters of jet fans and mixing chambers is possible only if there are sufficiently universal and accurate methods for calculating equivalent characteristics. While the approaches existing today have, as a rule, only one of the above properties. Aim. To determine the patterns of changes in the aerodynamic parameters of the air flow as it moves through a mine working with the jet fan operating without air stopping. Objects. Air flows generated in a large-section mine working as a result of the operation of the jet fan with a mixing chamber. Methods. Three-dimensional numerical simulation of steady-state turbulent air flow in a mine working, comparative analysis of calculation results for different locations of the jet fan, comparative analysis of numerically calculated equivalent characteristics of the jet fan with an analytical formula. Results. The authors have determined the patterns of changes in mechanical energy and static pressure of the air flow as it moves along the mine working. Multiparameter numerical simulation for various airflow rates at the entrance to the mine working made it possible to obtain equivalent pressure characteristics of the VM-8 jet fan with a mixing chamber, which can be used in one-dimensional calculations of the steady-state distribution of flow rates in the mine ventilation networks. A comparative analysis of simulation data with a known analytical dependence of the pressure drop made it possible to determine the directions for further improvement of analytical methods for describing air flow in mine workings with jet fans equipped with mixing chambers.","PeriodicalId":513946,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of the Tomsk Polytechnic University Geo Assets Engineering","volume":"42 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141813251","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-23DOI: 10.18799/24131830/2024/7/4614
Egor D. Kuzmenko, S. Matrenin, Artur R. Nassyrbayev
Relevance. Increasing the service life of mining tools is an important task in the development of geology associated with the investigation of new ceramic materials for functional purposes. The ability to reduce wear and thermal and chemical effects of rocks on the working elements of mining equipment determines the vector of development of the use of super-hard, high-strength and refractory ceramics. At the same time, the task is set to increase the fracture toughness of the materials used to solve the problem of maintaining the operability of equipment under conditions of critical deformations. To accomplish this task, it is necessary to study the patterns of consolidation of ceramic materials and search for the optimal combination of consolidation parameters to achieve improved physical and mechanical properties. Aim. To develop a method for producing high-density durable ceramics based on commercially available zirconium nitride powders using spark plasma sintering under vacuum conditions, to study the phase composition and physical and mechanical properties of the resulting samples. Methods. X-ray phase analysis of the studied samples, nanoindentation, microscopic analysis. Results and conclusion. The authors have studied the physical and mechanical properties of zirconium nitride consolidated by spark plasma sintering at 2000℃, a pressure of 30–60 MPa and a holding time at a given temperature of 5–10 minutes. Qualitative and quantitative X-ray phase analysis was carried out, within which the content of the main phase of zirconium nitride and zirconium dioxide phase was determined. It was found that an increase in the pressure applied during consolidation and holding time contributes to better compaction and a decrease in the porosity of the samples from 8.52 to 2.72%. It was found that with a decrease in porosity, the elastic modulus increased in the range from 320 to 378 GPa, and the hardness from 7.3 to 10.4 GPa. At the same time, by extrapolating the data, it was established that non-porous zirconium nitride samples will have an elastic modulus of 394 GPa and a Martens hardness of 11.56 GPa. For the samples under study, critical stress intensity factors were determined. It was established that at a porosity of less than 5%, the critical stress intensity factor of zirconium nitride consolidated by spark plasma sintering has values of at least 4 MPa m1/2.
{"title":"Physical and mechanical properties of ceramics based on ZrN-ZrO2 obtained by spark plasma sintering method","authors":"Egor D. Kuzmenko, S. Matrenin, Artur R. Nassyrbayev","doi":"10.18799/24131830/2024/7/4614","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18799/24131830/2024/7/4614","url":null,"abstract":"Relevance. Increasing the service life of mining tools is an important task in the development of geology associated with the investigation of new ceramic materials for functional purposes. The ability to reduce wear and thermal and chemical effects of rocks on the working elements of mining equipment determines the vector of development of the use of super-hard, high-strength and refractory ceramics. At the same time, the task is set to increase the fracture toughness of the materials used to solve the problem of maintaining the operability of equipment under conditions of critical deformations. To accomplish this task, it is necessary to study the patterns of consolidation of ceramic materials and search for the optimal combination of consolidation parameters to achieve improved physical and mechanical properties. Aim. To develop a method for producing high-density durable ceramics based on commercially available zirconium nitride powders using spark plasma sintering under vacuum conditions, to study the phase composition and physical and mechanical properties of the resulting samples. Methods. X-ray phase analysis of the studied samples, nanoindentation, microscopic analysis. Results and conclusion. The authors have studied the physical and mechanical properties of zirconium nitride consolidated by spark plasma sintering at 2000℃, a pressure of 30–60 MPa and a holding time at a given temperature of 5–10 minutes. Qualitative and quantitative X-ray phase analysis was carried out, within which the content of the main phase of zirconium nitride and zirconium dioxide phase was determined. It was found that an increase in the pressure applied during consolidation and holding time contributes to better compaction and a decrease in the porosity of the samples from 8.52 to 2.72%. It was found that with a decrease in porosity, the elastic modulus increased in the range from 320 to 378 GPa, and the hardness from 7.3 to 10.4 GPa. At the same time, by extrapolating the data, it was established that non-porous zirconium nitride samples will have an elastic modulus of 394 GPa and a Martens hardness of 11.56 GPa. For the samples under study, critical stress intensity factors were determined. It was established that at a porosity of less than 5%, the critical stress intensity factor of zirconium nitride consolidated by spark plasma sintering has values of at least 4 MPa m1/2.","PeriodicalId":513946,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of the Tomsk Polytechnic University Geo Assets Engineering","volume":"34 20","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141814307","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-23DOI: 10.18799/24131830/2024/7/4629
A. Islamova, Pavel P. Tkachenko, Stanislav A. Shulyaev
Relevance. Understanding the mechanisms of liquid droplets interaction with each other is important for many industrial and technical applications related to solving a range of problems like slag removal in a high-temperature environment, obtaining components of the desired fraction in the food industry, etc. Aim. Establishment of the main patterns of suspension droplets interaction in a gas-air environment with temperature variation. Methods. Using shadow high-speed video recording, the main patterns of the binary collision of suspensions droplets were determined. The paper introduces the results of experimental studies of the characteristics of collisions of droplets of coal-water suspensions in a gas-air environment with a temperature of 90–120°C. Parameters of the generated droplets: radius 1.0–2.2 mm, velocity 0.5–2.0 m/s. Results and conclusions. The authors have determined the modes of collision of droplets of suspensions (coagulation and separation) and the main characteristics of secondary fragments and constructed the maps of the modes of interaction of drops of suspensions with each other when varying the concentration of solid particles in the suspension, the temperature of the gas-air environment and the time the target drop spent in a gas-air environment with an elevated temperature. The conditions were established for the coagulation of droplets, as well as their intensive secondary grinding to intensify their drying, ignition and combustion in boiler furnaces. It was established that an increase in the temperature of the gas-air environment leads to a significant change in the size and properties of droplets, as well as to the occurrence of oscillatory phenomena in the system. It is substantiated that collision of droplets of suspensions in a gas-air environment with elevated temperature is complex and multi-parametric. Its characteristics depend on a combination of factors (surface tension and liquid viscosity, size and shape of droplets, speed of their movement, density and viscosity of gas-air environment). The authors obtained mathematical expressions to describe the boundaries of the modes of the studied processes and schemes for using the results obtained in order to increase the efficiency of the corresponding technological processes.
{"title":"Effect of coal suspension concentration and gas-air medium temperature on liquid droplets collisions","authors":"A. Islamova, Pavel P. Tkachenko, Stanislav A. Shulyaev","doi":"10.18799/24131830/2024/7/4629","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18799/24131830/2024/7/4629","url":null,"abstract":"Relevance. Understanding the mechanisms of liquid droplets interaction with each other is important for many industrial and technical applications related to solving a range of problems like slag removal in a high-temperature environment, obtaining components of the desired fraction in the food industry, etc. Aim. Establishment of the main patterns of suspension droplets interaction in a gas-air environment with temperature variation. Methods. Using shadow high-speed video recording, the main patterns of the binary collision of suspensions droplets were determined. The paper introduces the results of experimental studies of the characteristics of collisions of droplets of coal-water suspensions in a gas-air environment with a temperature of 90–120°C. Parameters of the generated droplets: radius 1.0–2.2 mm, velocity 0.5–2.0 m/s. Results and conclusions. The authors have determined the modes of collision of droplets of suspensions (coagulation and separation) and the main characteristics of secondary fragments and constructed the maps of the modes of interaction of drops of suspensions with each other when varying the concentration of solid particles in the suspension, the temperature of the gas-air environment and the time the target drop spent in a gas-air environment with an elevated temperature. The conditions were established for the coagulation of droplets, as well as their intensive secondary grinding to intensify their drying, ignition and combustion in boiler furnaces. It was established that an increase in the temperature of the gas-air environment leads to a significant change in the size and properties of droplets, as well as to the occurrence of oscillatory phenomena in the system. It is substantiated that collision of droplets of suspensions in a gas-air environment with elevated temperature is complex and multi-parametric. Its characteristics depend on a combination of factors (surface tension and liquid viscosity, size and shape of droplets, speed of their movement, density and viscosity of gas-air environment). The authors obtained mathematical expressions to describe the boundaries of the modes of the studied processes and schemes for using the results obtained in order to increase the efficiency of the corresponding technological processes.","PeriodicalId":513946,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of the Tomsk Polytechnic University Geo Assets Engineering","volume":"9 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141813874","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-23DOI: 10.18799/24131830/2024/7/4678
Sergey I. Arbuzov, Andrey S. Toropov, S. Ilenok, Vladimir P. Ivanov, A.S. Kholodov, Natalia V. Zarubina, Vladimir V. Ivanov
Relevance. The necessity to know the conditions and forms of W concentration in coals for solving a number of scientific and engineering problems at complex development of coal deposits. Aim. Complex estimation of W modes of occurrence in coal for development of measures for rational ecologically safe use of coal. Methods. Correlation analysis, scanning electron microscopy, infrared spectroscopy, coal group analysis, inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry, instrumental neutron activation analysis. Results and conclusions. The modes of occurrence of W in coal were studied by a complex of methods. In the majority of W-enriched coal deposits, a negative significant correlation of its content in coal and coal ash with ash yield was found, indicating its association with organic matter. Using the method of coal group composition analysis, it was found that the main carrier and concentrator of W in the studied lignite deposits is organic matter. The contribution of the mineral phase in general in W-rich coals and in coals with its normal content does not exceed 20%, usually less than 5%. These conclusions are also confirmed by infrared spectroscopy data, according to which no more than 15% of the metal in the samples studied is associated with mineral phases. The association of W with high molecular humic acids predominates. In anomalously W-enriched lignites, the humic acid phase represents 76 to 88% of the gross metal content. The role of bitumen and low-molecular-weight humic acids in the balance of W is marginal at their different levels in the coals. Mineral phases of W are not characteristic of coal. Nano-microinclusions of scheelite, wolframite, hubnerite and ferberite were recorded as isolated occurrences. The main mineral phases are associated with Fe and Mn hydroxides, in which W is presented as a trace element in the amount of 1–5% together with other elements (Ge, As, etc.). In more metamorphosed bituminous and anthracite coals, authigenic mineral formations were found, represented by tungstite, phyllotungstite, native W and complex Fe-Mn-Ca-W-O mineral phases.
相关性。必须了解煤中 W 浓度的条件和形式，以解决煤矿复杂开发过程中的一系列科学和工程问题。目的。对煤炭中 W 的出现方式进行复杂的估算，以制定合理、生态安全地使用煤炭的措施。方法。相关分析、扫描电子显微镜、红外光谱、煤组分析、电感耦合等离子体质谱、仪器中子活化分析。结果和结论。通过多种方法研究了煤中 W 的出现模式。在大多数富含 W 的煤层中，煤和煤灰中 W 的含量与灰分产量呈显著负相关，表明 W 与有机物有关。利用煤组成分分析方法发现，在所研究的褐煤矿床中，W 的主要载体和富集物是有机物。在富含 W 的煤炭和正常含量的煤炭中，矿物相的贡献率一般不超过 20%，通常低于 5%。红外光谱数据也证实了这些结论，根据这些数据，在所研究的样本中，与矿物相伴生的金属不超过 15%。W 主要与高分子腐殖酸结合。在异常富含 W 的褐煤中，腐植酸相占总金属含量的 76% 到 88%。沥青和低分子量腐植酸在煤中的不同含量对 W 的平衡所起的作用微乎其微。W 的矿物相不是煤的特征。白钨矿、黑钨矿、毂内矿和铁硼矿的纳米微包裹体被记录为个别现象。主要矿物相与铁和锰的氢氧化物有关，其中 W 与其他元素（Ge、As 等）一起作为微量元素出现，含量为 1-5%。在变质程度较高的烟煤和无烟煤中，发现了自生矿物层，代表矿物有钨矿、辉绿岩、原生 W 和复杂的 Fe-Mn-Ca-W-O 矿物相。
{"title":"Modes of occurrence of tungsten in coals: a review","authors":"Sergey I. Arbuzov, Andrey S. Toropov, S. Ilenok, Vladimir P. Ivanov, A.S. Kholodov, Natalia V. Zarubina, Vladimir V. Ivanov","doi":"10.18799/24131830/2024/7/4678","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18799/24131830/2024/7/4678","url":null,"abstract":"Relevance. The necessity to know the conditions and forms of W concentration in coals for solving a number of scientific and engineering problems at complex development of coal deposits. Aim. Complex estimation of W modes of occurrence in coal for development of measures for rational ecologically safe use of coal. Methods. Correlation analysis, scanning electron microscopy, infrared spectroscopy, coal group analysis, inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry, instrumental neutron activation analysis. Results and conclusions. The modes of occurrence of W in coal were studied by a complex of methods. In the majority of W-enriched coal deposits, a negative significant correlation of its content in coal and coal ash with ash yield was found, indicating its association with organic matter. Using the method of coal group composition analysis, it was found that the main carrier and concentrator of W in the studied lignite deposits is organic matter. The contribution of the mineral phase in general in W-rich coals and in coals with its normal content does not exceed 20%, usually less than 5%. These conclusions are also confirmed by infrared spectroscopy data, according to which no more than 15% of the metal in the samples studied is associated with mineral phases. The association of W with high molecular humic acids predominates. In anomalously W-enriched lignites, the humic acid phase represents 76 to 88% of the gross metal content. The role of bitumen and low-molecular-weight humic acids in the balance of W is marginal at their different levels in the coals. Mineral phases of W are not characteristic of coal. Nano-microinclusions of scheelite, wolframite, hubnerite and ferberite were recorded as isolated occurrences. The main mineral phases are associated with Fe and Mn hydroxides, in which W is presented as a trace element in the amount of 1–5% together with other elements (Ge, As, etc.). In more metamorphosed bituminous and anthracite coals, authigenic mineral formations were found, represented by tungstite, phyllotungstite, native W and complex Fe-Mn-Ca-W-O mineral phases.","PeriodicalId":513946,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of the Tomsk Polytechnic University Geo Assets Engineering","volume":"123 20","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141811989","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-23DOI: 10.18799/24131830/2024/7/4615
S. Syrodoy, R. R. Zamaltdinov, Andrey S. Poznakharev, Vladislav S. Akimov
Relevance. An analysis of the current state of the global energy agenda shows that the problem of anthropogenic impact on the planet’s atmosphere by thermal energy facilities is one of the most important for humanity. At the same time, the growth in electricity consumption stimulates the introduction of ever new power generating capacities. For a long time, it was believed that the solution to this problem was the large-scale introduction of non-traditional renewable energy sources (wind generators and solar panels) into the overall balance of electricity generation. However, it is now becoming obvious that renewable energy sources cannot fully cover all electricity needs. The latter creates incentives for the commissioning of new thermal power plants, usually operating on coal fuel. But the main problem of coal energy – its anthropogenic impact – still remains unresolved. This situation creates the prerequisites for the development of new “clean” coal technologies with a full cycle of sequestration of combustion products. One of the most promising technologies for burning coal with low emissions is the combustion of coal in the composition of coal-water fuel. However, coal-water fuel technology has a number of disadvantages. One of the most significant is the high ignition delays of typical (with a characteristic size of 3–5 mm) droplets of coal-water fuel. One of the most promising methods for solving this problem is spraying coal-water fuel in an ultra-fine state (with a characteristic droplet size of 0.1–1 mm). Aim. Experimental study of the conditions and characteristics of crushing droplets of coal-water fuel in a high-speed air flow. Object. Coal-water fuel prepared on the basis of lean coal. Method. Special experimental stand to establish the main characteristics and conditions of dispersion of coal-water fuel droplets. Results. The results of experimental studies show that for stable fragmentation of typical droplets of coal-water fuel, the speed of the latter (during the spraying process) must be at least 40 m/s.
{"title":"Fragmentation of water-coal fuel droplets in the air flow","authors":"S. Syrodoy, R. R. Zamaltdinov, Andrey S. Poznakharev, Vladislav S. Akimov","doi":"10.18799/24131830/2024/7/4615","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18799/24131830/2024/7/4615","url":null,"abstract":"Relevance. An analysis of the current state of the global energy agenda shows that the problem of anthropogenic impact on the planet’s atmosphere by thermal energy facilities is one of the most important for humanity. At the same time, the growth in electricity consumption stimulates the introduction of ever new power generating capacities. For a long time, it was believed that the solution to this problem was the large-scale introduction of non-traditional renewable energy sources (wind generators and solar panels) into the overall balance of electricity generation. However, it is now becoming obvious that renewable energy sources cannot fully cover all electricity needs. The latter creates incentives for the commissioning of new thermal power plants, usually operating on coal fuel. But the main problem of coal energy – its anthropogenic impact – still remains unresolved. This situation creates the prerequisites for the development of new “clean” coal technologies with a full cycle of sequestration of combustion products. One of the most promising technologies for burning coal with low emissions is the combustion of coal in the composition of coal-water fuel. However, coal-water fuel technology has a number of disadvantages. One of the most significant is the high ignition delays of typical (with a characteristic size of 3–5 mm) droplets of coal-water fuel. One of the most promising methods for solving this problem is spraying coal-water fuel in an ultra-fine state (with a characteristic droplet size of 0.1–1 mm). Aim. Experimental study of the conditions and characteristics of crushing droplets of coal-water fuel in a high-speed air flow. Object. Coal-water fuel prepared on the basis of lean coal. Method. Special experimental stand to establish the main characteristics and conditions of dispersion of coal-water fuel droplets. Results. The results of experimental studies show that for stable fragmentation of typical droplets of coal-water fuel, the speed of the latter (during the spraying process) must be at least 40 m/s.","PeriodicalId":513946,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of the Tomsk Polytechnic University Geo Assets Engineering","volume":"2 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141814210","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-23DOI: 10.18799/24131830/2024/7/4348
Anton V. Lazurchenko, Tuyana S. Shoikhonova, Mikhail S. Shkiria, Anastasia Yu. Belova, Stanislav A. Tereshkin
Relevance. Groundwater is the main source of industrial and technical water supply for mining facilities. The geological structure of the studied areas can be complicated by various factors that make it difficult to search for and localize groundwater. In this regard, electrical geophysical prospecting methods are often included in the complex of prospecting and exploration works, before which it is necessary to justify the application of the chosen method for solving the problems by performing numerical modelling. Aim. To substantiate the use of electrical resistivity tomography for the search for groundwater, taking into account complicating factors, including perennially frozen rocks, taliks, and fault zone, by numerical modelling. Objects. Geological environment represented by Quaternary system rocks and permafrost rocks of Cretaceous sediments of the Zazinskaya intermontane area, fault zone, talik zones. Methods. Solution of the direct problem, solution of the inverse problem, ground geophysical surveys using electrical resistivity tomography. Results. Based on the performed numerical modelling, it is shown that the use of electrical resistivity tomography is expedient when searching for groundwater in the area characterized by various factors: permafrost, talik, and a fault zone. Based on the results of solving direct and inverse problems of electrical survey, using field works performed in 2020 in the Eravninsky district of the Republic of Buryatia as an example, it is shown that pole-dipole arrays in electric resistivity survey with electrode distance of 5 m, successfully confirmed by drilling operations, allow us reliably delineate potential zones of water inflow. These zones, characterized by low values of electrical resistivity, in this area, are related to talik zones, which are powered by heat flow from the bowels of the earth.
{"title":"Evaluation of the possibility of searching for groundwater using electrical resistivity tomography based on the data of numerical modelling in complicated permafrost conditions (the case of the territory in the eastern part of the Republic of Buryatia)","authors":"Anton V. Lazurchenko, Tuyana S. Shoikhonova, Mikhail S. Shkiria, Anastasia Yu. Belova, Stanislav A. Tereshkin","doi":"10.18799/24131830/2024/7/4348","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18799/24131830/2024/7/4348","url":null,"abstract":"Relevance. Groundwater is the main source of industrial and technical water supply for mining facilities. The geological structure of the studied areas can be complicated by various factors that make it difficult to search for and localize groundwater. In this regard, electrical geophysical prospecting methods are often included in the complex of prospecting and exploration works, before which it is necessary to justify the application of the chosen method for solving the problems by performing numerical modelling. Aim. To substantiate the use of electrical resistivity tomography for the search for groundwater, taking into account complicating factors, including perennially frozen rocks, taliks, and fault zone, by numerical modelling. Objects. Geological environment represented by Quaternary system rocks and permafrost rocks of Cretaceous sediments of the Zazinskaya intermontane area, fault zone, talik zones. Methods. Solution of the direct problem, solution of the inverse problem, ground geophysical surveys using electrical resistivity tomography. Results. Based on the performed numerical modelling, it is shown that the use of electrical resistivity tomography is expedient when searching for groundwater in the area characterized by various factors: permafrost, talik, and a fault zone. Based on the results of solving direct and inverse problems of electrical survey, using field works performed in 2020 in the Eravninsky district of the Republic of Buryatia as an example, it is shown that pole-dipole arrays in electric resistivity survey with electrode distance of 5 m, successfully confirmed by drilling operations, allow us reliably delineate potential zones of water inflow. These zones, characterized by low values of electrical resistivity, in this area, are related to talik zones, which are powered by heat flow from the bowels of the earth.","PeriodicalId":513946,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of the Tomsk Polytechnic University Geo Assets Engineering","volume":"136 11","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141811226","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-23DOI: 10.18799/24131830/2024/7/4343
Vitaly A. Demin, Alexey V. Kostyrya
Relevance. The need to evaporate large quantities of brines at potash industry enterprises. Evaporation of brines in surface evaporators is difficult due to the encrustation of heat exchange surfaces by salt deposits. Therefore, such evaporation is most expedient to be carried out in submerged combustion apparatuses, since they do not contain heat-transmitting surfaces. However, in this type of apparatus, malfunctions may occur due to uncontrolled solid phase deposition. At the moment, the dynamics of the solid phase in submerged combustion devices is poorly studied. This study is part of a scientific program aimed at a comprehensive review of the laws of motion of solid particles in submerged combustion apparatuses. Aim. To study the hydrodynamic processes in the submerged combustion setup in the time interval corresponding to the beginning of its operation; describe the patterns of solid phase motion as a function of time. Object. Laboratory setup of submerged combustion. A simplified model of the thermal mode of operation without the subsequent transition of the liquid phase to steam is analyzed. Methods. The study was conducted by numerical experiment. The hybrid finite volume method was used in simulation in combination with the technology of the finite element method. The multiphase system was considered as two coexisting subsystems: gas–liquid and liquid–solid. Results. The paper considers the final time interval of the setup operation. It is found that during the time under consideration, a stationary mode of solid particle deposition is achieved. The authors have detected liquid flow velocity oscillations, leading to fluctuations in the mass flow rate of solid particles at the bottom of the setup. It was found that the velocity at the tip of the flue gas jet escaping from the burner nozzle, as well as the pressure at the nozzle section, have a similar form of oscillation. The authors substantiated the hypothesis about the determining influence of the instability of the jet movement of flue gases on the oscillatory behavior of the entire hydrodynamic system.
{"title":"Numerical simulation of non-stationary regime of a submerged combustion setup operation","authors":"Vitaly A. Demin, Alexey V. Kostyrya","doi":"10.18799/24131830/2024/7/4343","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18799/24131830/2024/7/4343","url":null,"abstract":"Relevance. The need to evaporate large quantities of brines at potash industry enterprises. Evaporation of brines in surface evaporators is difficult due to the encrustation of heat exchange surfaces by salt deposits. Therefore, such evaporation is most expedient to be carried out in submerged combustion apparatuses, since they do not contain heat-transmitting surfaces. However, in this type of apparatus, malfunctions may occur due to uncontrolled solid phase deposition. At the moment, the dynamics of the solid phase in submerged combustion devices is poorly studied. This study is part of a scientific program aimed at a comprehensive review of the laws of motion of solid particles in submerged combustion apparatuses. Aim. To study the hydrodynamic processes in the submerged combustion setup in the time interval corresponding to the beginning of its operation; describe the patterns of solid phase motion as a function of time. Object. Laboratory setup of submerged combustion. A simplified model of the thermal mode of operation without the subsequent transition of the liquid phase to steam is analyzed. Methods. The study was conducted by numerical experiment. The hybrid finite volume method was used in simulation in combination with the technology of the finite element method. The multiphase system was considered as two coexisting subsystems: gas–liquid and liquid–solid. Results. The paper considers the final time interval of the setup operation. It is found that during the time under consideration, a stationary mode of solid particle deposition is achieved. The authors have detected liquid flow velocity oscillations, leading to fluctuations in the mass flow rate of solid particles at the bottom of the setup. It was found that the velocity at the tip of the flue gas jet escaping from the burner nozzle, as well as the pressure at the nozzle section, have a similar form of oscillation. The authors substantiated the hypothesis about the determining influence of the instability of the jet movement of flue gases on the oscillatory behavior of the entire hydrodynamic system.","PeriodicalId":513946,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of the Tomsk Polytechnic University Geo Assets Engineering","volume":"37 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141813956","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-23DOI: 10.18799/24131830/2024/7/4605
Alexander V. Astafiev, K. Ibraeva, Igor D. Dimitryuk, Ekaterina A. Arbuzova
Relevance. The need for effective utilization of biomass waste generated in significant quantities. Pyrolysis, accompanied by exothermic reactions, is a promising way of biomass processing. Aim. Assessment of the possibility of covering the thermal costs of plant and animal biomass pyrolysis due to heat release during decomposition. Methods. Proximate and ultimate analysis of biomass are determined according to certified methods. Thermal analysis of the studied raw materials was carried out on a Netzsch STA 449 F5 Jupiter synchronous thermal analyzer with an integrated gas analyzer QMS 403 Aeolos; quantitative yield of pyrolysis products was determined according to GOST 3168-93, gas composition was established using the gas analyzer TEST-1 (БОНЭР, Russia). Results and conclusions. According to the results of thermal analysis, it was found that pyrolysis of plant (pine nut shells) and animal (cattle manure) biomass is accompanied by exothermic reactions associated with the organic part decomposition in the temperature range 240–700°C. The value of heat release of exothermic reactions during pine nut shell destruction is 1.39 MJ/kg, a similar value during manure decomposition is 0.31 MJ/kg. This amount of heat allows you to fully cover the thermal costs of pine nut shell pyrolytic processing, the share of covering the thermal costs of manure pyrolysis is ∼30%. An additional source of heat is pyrolysis gaseous products with energy potential equal to 3.28 and 1.58 MJ of thermal energy per 1 kg of processed pine nut shells and manure, respectively.
{"title":"Energy potential of plant and animal biomass using in relation to its thermal processing","authors":"Alexander V. Astafiev, K. Ibraeva, Igor D. Dimitryuk, Ekaterina A. Arbuzova","doi":"10.18799/24131830/2024/7/4605","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18799/24131830/2024/7/4605","url":null,"abstract":"Relevance. The need for effective utilization of biomass waste generated in significant quantities. Pyrolysis, accompanied by exothermic reactions, is a promising way of biomass processing. Aim. Assessment of the possibility of covering the thermal costs of plant and animal biomass pyrolysis due to heat release during decomposition. Methods. Proximate and ultimate analysis of biomass are determined according to certified methods. Thermal analysis of the studied raw materials was carried out on a Netzsch STA 449 F5 Jupiter synchronous thermal analyzer with an integrated gas analyzer QMS 403 Aeolos; quantitative yield of pyrolysis products was determined according to GOST 3168-93, gas composition was established using the gas analyzer TEST-1 (БОНЭР, Russia). Results and conclusions. According to the results of thermal analysis, it was found that pyrolysis of plant (pine nut shells) and animal (cattle manure) biomass is accompanied by exothermic reactions associated with the organic part decomposition in the temperature range 240–700°C. The value of heat release of exothermic reactions during pine nut shell destruction is 1.39 MJ/kg, a similar value during manure decomposition is 0.31 MJ/kg. This amount of heat allows you to fully cover the thermal costs of pine nut shell pyrolytic processing, the share of covering the thermal costs of manure pyrolysis is ∼30%. An additional source of heat is pyrolysis gaseous products with energy potential equal to 3.28 and 1.58 MJ of thermal energy per 1 kg of processed pine nut shells and manure, respectively.\u0000\u0000 \u0000","PeriodicalId":513946,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of the Tomsk Polytechnic University Geo Assets Engineering","volume":"35 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141813971","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-23DOI: 10.18799/24131830/2024/7/4388
S. Vysotskiy, T. Velivetskaya, A. Ignatiev, A. Aseeva
Relevance. The need of new knowledge about the early stages of the Earth. Sulfur isotope analysis of sulfide minerals is a powerful tool to understand the processes during the Archaean and Paleoproterozoic. Combined with other data, isotope geochemistry provides an insight into sulfur sources of sulfides from ancient sulfide volcanosedimentary deposits; geochemical factors affecting Archaean sulfide volcanosedimentary ore formation; adjust genetic models and determine the degree of influence of bacteria on the mineral formation. Aim. To identify the sources of sulfur during the formation of sulfide deposits via isotope analysis, and to evaluate bacteria affect mineral formation. Objects. They were obtained from the core of boreholes of Mesoarchaean volcanosedimentary sulfide Central-Vozhma deposit, being a part of the Sumozersko-Kenozersky greenstone belt of the Karelian craton. Methods. Mineralogical studies of rock and ore samples were carried out using optical microscopy; scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. The ratios of four stable sulfur isotopes were analyzed in sulfide minerals of the deposit (33S/32S, 34S/32S, 36S/32S). Results. The results obtained demonstrated the polygenic source of sulfur in sulfides. The sulfides have both positive and negative Δ33S values, indicating the presence of atmospheric sulfur formed under UV photolysis during mineral formation. Sulfide minerals include the following components: Seawater sulfate sulfur of photolytic genesis showed a negative anomaly Δ33S (∼ –0.4‰). It was the source of authigenic pyrite. Sulfides crystallized as a result of biological sulfate reduction demonstrated a narrow range of δ34S values (–2.64‰˂0˂+4.27‰). Elemental sulfur of photolytic genesis mobilized from the host sedimentary rocks by hydrothermal fluids. This sulfur, with a positive Δ33S anomaly (up to +1.6‰) took part in the massive sulfide ores formation.
{"title":"Atmosphere and biological impact during sulfide formation in the Archean Central-Vozhma sulfide deposit (Karelia)","authors":"S. Vysotskiy, T. Velivetskaya, A. Ignatiev, A. Aseeva","doi":"10.18799/24131830/2024/7/4388","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18799/24131830/2024/7/4388","url":null,"abstract":"Relevance. The need of new knowledge about the early stages of the Earth. Sulfur isotope analysis of sulfide minerals is a powerful tool to understand the processes during the Archaean and Paleoproterozoic. Combined with other data, isotope geochemistry provides an insight into sulfur sources of sulfides from ancient sulfide volcanosedimentary deposits; geochemical factors affecting Archaean sulfide volcanosedimentary ore formation; adjust genetic models and determine the degree of influence of bacteria on the mineral formation. Aim. To identify the sources of sulfur during the formation of sulfide deposits via isotope analysis, and to evaluate bacteria affect mineral formation. Objects. They were obtained from the core of boreholes of Mesoarchaean volcanosedimentary sulfide Central-Vozhma deposit, being a part of the Sumozersko-Kenozersky greenstone belt of the Karelian craton. Methods. Mineralogical studies of rock and ore samples were carried out using optical microscopy; scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. The ratios of four stable sulfur isotopes were analyzed in sulfide minerals of the deposit (33S/32S, 34S/32S, 36S/32S). Results. The results obtained demonstrated the polygenic source of sulfur in sulfides. The sulfides have both positive and negative Δ33S values, indicating the presence of atmospheric sulfur formed under UV photolysis during mineral formation. Sulfide minerals include the following components: Seawater sulfate sulfur of photolytic genesis showed a negative anomaly Δ33S (∼ –0.4‰). It was the source of authigenic pyrite. Sulfides crystallized as a result of biological sulfate reduction demonstrated a narrow range of δ34S values (–2.64‰˂0˂+4.27‰). Elemental sulfur of photolytic genesis mobilized from the host sedimentary rocks by hydrothermal fluids. This sulfur, with a positive Δ33S anomaly (up to +1.6‰) took part in the massive sulfide ores formation.","PeriodicalId":513946,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of the Tomsk Polytechnic University Geo Assets Engineering","volume":"40 12","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141813116","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
京公网安备 11010802042870号
京ICP备2023020795号-1
扫码关注我们
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：