Mathematical Modeling and Comparative Assessment of Centroid Based Leach Routing Protocol for Wireless Sensor Network

This research evaluates the performance of two key routing protocols, LEACH and an enhanced version of Centralized LEACH, in Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs). The study sets initial simulation parameters, gathers data over numerous rounds, and presents results through diagrams. Additionally, it conducts a comparative analysis with existing research. In WSNs, nodes within transmission range communicate directly, while distant nodes rely on intermediaries. The study introduces hierarchical clustering with cluster heads for network efficiency. The number of cluster heads significantly impacts energy consumption .LEACH is explored, emphasizing its two phases: setup and steady-state. The setup phase involves autonomous cluster formation without central control. Cluster heads are selected based on thresholds and advertise their presence. Nodes then choose clusters based on signal strength. TDMA scheduling optimizes data transmission. In the steady-state phase, nodes follow a timetable to send data to cluster heads. Uneven node distribution among cluster heads may lead to varying data loads. Power control minimizes energy usage, and TDMA scheduling maximizes bandwidth use. Cluster heads forward aggregated data to the base station. The paper includes an energy model detailing communication components. Findings offer insights into LEACH and its enhanced variant, contributing to energy-efficient routing protocols in WSNs.