上新世加利利地层(埃塞俄比亚)栉齿科化石的描述和分类评估

IF 3.1 1区 地球科学 Q1 ANTHROPOLOGY Journal of Human Evolution Pub Date : 2024-04-09 DOI:10.1016/j.jhevol.2024.103508
Hailay G. Reda , Stephen R. Frost , Evan A. Simons , Jay Quade , Scott W. Simpson
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引用次数: 0

摘要

埃塞俄比亚阿法尔地区的加利利山地层(Mount Galili Formation)在类人猿进化的关键时期(4.4-3.8Ma)采集了样本,记录了阿尔迪皮特卡斯(Ardipithecus)的最后一次出现和南方古猿(Australopithecus)的起源。这一时期对于栉水母类的进化也很重要,尤其是猿人(Theropithecus)的起源,特别是猿人(Theropithecus oswaldi)的起源。加利利共提供了 655 件嵴椎动物标本,包括头盖骨、下颌骨、孤立的牙齿和后颅骨。所有化石均采自拉斯达南(5.3-4.43 Ma)、迪丁利(4.43-3.9 Ma)和沙比利拉格(∼3.92-3.8 Ma)。在此,我们采用定性和定量的方法对 362 块化石进行了描述和分析。在对化石进行描述的同时,还使用了牙齿度量和三维几何形态计量学方法对颅骨形状进行了分析。结果表明至少存在六个栉水母类群:(n=28)、Theropithecus sp. (n=2)、三个非Theropithecus papionin类群(n=134)和一个疣状体型类群(n=58)。T.o.serengetensis代表了该类群的最早形式,记录于∼3.9 Ma加利利沉积物中。加利利的三个乳齿象包括一个较小的类群、一个与 Pliopapio alemui 相当的中型类群和一个在大小上与 Soromandrillus、Gorgopithecus 和 Dinopithecus 重叠的大型乳齿象。大多数加利利疣猴与 Kuseracolobus aramisi 的亲缘关系最近,也有一些与其他类群重叠。在加利利栉水母类群中,乳头状类占主导地位,尽管疣状类仍相当常见(约占样本的 25%)。因此,加利利样本类似于卡纳波伊(4.2-4.1 Ma)和戈纳(5.2-3.9 Ma)地点,但又有别于阿拉米斯,这表明加利利与前两个地点的古生态环境相似。另一方面,加利利的Theropithecus数量少于地质学上更年轻的哈达尔(3.4-3.2 Ma)和沃兰索-米勒(Woranso-Mille,3.8-3.6 Ma)地点。这种差异是取样、时间还是地貌变化造成的,还需要进一步研究。
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Description and taxonomic assessment of fossil Cercopithecidae from the Pliocene Galili Formation (Ethiopia)

The Mount Galili Formation in the Afar region, Ethiopia, samples a critical time in hominin evolution, 4.4 to 3.8 Ma, documenting the last appearance of Ardipithecus and the origin of Australopithecus. This period is also important in the evolution of cercopithecids, especially the origin of Theropithecus in general and Theropithecus oswaldi lineage in particular. Galili has provided a total of 655 cercopithecid specimens that include crania, mandibles, isolated teeth and postcrania. All the fossils were recovered from the Lasdanan (5.3–4.43 Ma), Dhidinley (4.43–3.9 Ma) and Shabeley Laag (∼3.92–3.8 Ma) Members. Here, we described and analyzed 362 fossils employing both qualitative and quantitative methods. Descriptions of the material were supplemented with dental metrics and cranial shape analysis using three-dimensional geometric morphometrics. Results indicate the presence of at least six cercopithecid taxa: Theropithecus oswaldi serengetensis (n = 28), Theropithecus sp. (n = 2), three non-Theropithecus papionin groups (n = 134) and one colobine-size group (n = 58). The T. o. serengetensis represents the earliest form of the lineage, documented from ∼3.9 Ma Galili sediments. The three Galili papionins include a smaller taxon, a medium-sized taxon comparable to Pliopapio alemui and a large papionin overlapping in size with Soromandrillus, Gorgopithecus and Dinopithecus. The majority of Galili colobines have closest affinities to Kuseracolobus aramisi and some overlap with other taxa. Papionins dominate the Galili cercopithecid collection, although colobines are still fairly common (approximately 25% of the sample). Thus, Galili sample is like Kanapoi (4.2–4.1 Ma) and Gona (5.2–3.9 Ma) localities but distinct from Aramis, suggesting paleoecological similarity to the former sites. On the other hand, Theropithecus is less abundant at Galili than geologically younger Hadar (3.4–3.2 Ma) and Woranso-Mille (3.8–3.6 Ma) sites. Whether this difference is due to sampling, time or landscape variation requires further investigation.

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来源期刊
Journal of Human Evolution
Journal of Human Evolution 生物-进化生物学
CiteScore
6.30
自引率
15.60%
发文量
104
审稿时长
3 months
期刊介绍: The Journal of Human Evolution concentrates on publishing the highest quality papers covering all aspects of human evolution. The central focus is aimed jointly at paleoanthropological work, covering human and primate fossils, and at comparative studies of living species, including both morphological and molecular evidence. These include descriptions of new discoveries, interpretative analyses of new and previously described material, and assessments of the phylogeny and paleobiology of primate species. Submissions should address issues and questions of broad interest in paleoanthropology.
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