Neoproterozoic sedimentary rocks in the Liantuo Formation in South China and their implication based on geochronological and Sr–Nd–Hf–Pb isotope insights

Deposition of the Liantuo Formation is closely associated with the evolutionary history of the Rodinia supercontinent, as indicated by the breakup of the Yangtze Craton in South China. In this paper, we also carried out a detailed UPb zircon examination of the Liantuo Formation. Radiometric dating of sandstone within the Liantuo Formation suggested that it was deposited ca. 790 Ma, which coordinated with the age-paleopole contradictions in the Liantuo Formation for exploring the evolutionary history of the Yangtze Block during the breakup of the Rodinia supercontinent. All the Liantuo sandstones and shales have variable Sr isotopic compositions, with initial Sr isotope ratios ranging from 0.6920 to 0.7217, which support significant fluvial contributions during the deposition of the Liantuo Formation. Samples of the Liantuo Formation show distinct variations in NdHf isotopic compositions, suggesting that the Nantuo Formation received relatively juvenile materials (e.g., the newly formed Neoproterozoic rocks from the northern margin of the Yangtze Block), whereas the Liantuo Formation received relatively mature inputs (e.g., the Huangling granitoids and/or Kongling complex). The samples from the Liantuo Formation also contain various Pb isotopes (²⁰⁶Pb/²⁰⁴Pb = 17.56–17.76, ²⁰⁷Pb/²⁰⁴Pb = 15.05–15.43 and ²⁰⁸Pb/²⁰⁴Pb = 35.51–36.79). These values are also close to the Pb isotopic compositions of the Kongling complex, which suggest that the sedimentary rocks were enriched (the Kongling complex) and are consistent with the NdHf isotope data. That is, the major provenance of the Liantuo Formation is from the South China Block basement, which is the local Kongling complex. In contrast, the Luoquan diamictite can represent the well-mixed composition of the upper continental crust (UCC) in the North China Block during the Neoproterozoic.