{"title":"在锂基润滑脂中使用二硫化钼（MoS2）和二烷基二硫代磷酸锌（ZDDP）作为极压添加剂对光谱加载和磨合期的影响","authors":"Gabi N. Nehme, Najat G. Nehme","doi":"10.1108/ilt-01-2024-0016","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<h3>Purpose</h3>\n<p>The purpose of variable loading conditions (392 N-785N-392N-785N) with break-in period were used to study interactions between zinc dialkyl dithiophosphate (ZDDP) 0.1 P% (phosphorus) and fine-grade molybdenum disulfide (MoS<sub>2</sub>) 3%, in different mixtures of NLGI 2 lithium stearate grease. Four-ball wear tests were used to evaluate the tribological properties of different grease mixtures such as coefficient of friction and wear. ASTM 2266 as reported by earlier studies is useful, but it is not representative of real-life applications where variable loads and speeds and different break-in periods play a role and could change the results and the nature of tribofilms.</p><!--/ Abstract__block -->\n<h3>Design/methodology/approach</h3>\n<p>In this study, chemical and mechanical properties of tribofilms were examined. Moreover, design of experiment was used to examine the data and shorten experimentation time. Research described here is investigating variable loading conditions for real-life applications by using a break-in period of 2 min at the start to minimize asperities and establish a clean surface. Design expert (DOE) analyzes responses to reveal those variables that are single factor and those that are multifactor whether synergistically or antagonistically.</p><!--/ Abstract__block -->\n<h3>Findings</h3>\n<p>The results indicated that spectrum loading with break-in period showed reduction in wear when tested in greases with ZDDP/MoS<sub>2</sub> combinations. Ramping up or down the load every 7.5 min for a rotational speed of 1,200 rpm and a total of 36,000 revolutions or 30-min time slowed the wear properties of lithium-based grease under different MoS<sub>2</sub> and ZDDP concentrations. Experiments indicated that wear was largely dependent on the loading condition and ZDDP additives during specific break-in period at 1,200 rotational speed. It is believed that MoS<sub>2</sub> greases perform better under spectrum loading and under constant loading when mixed with ZDDP phosphorus.</p><!--/ Abstract__block -->\n<h3>Originality/value</h3>\n<p>This research indicates that there is a synergistic interaction between ZDDP, MoS<sub>2</sub> and variable loading especially when a break-in period is applied. The results indicated that wear was largely dependent on the specific speed used with spectrum loading as presented in the energy dispersive spectroscopy and the Auger electron spectroscopy analysis, and thus a 3% MoS<sub>2</sub> grease with ZDDP (phosphorus: 0.1 Wt.%) are needed to improve the wear resistance and improve the friction characteristics.</p><!--/ Abstract__block -->\n<h3>Peer review</h3>\n<p>The peer review history for this article is available at: https://publons.com/publon/10.1108/ILT-01-2024-0016/</p><!--/ Abstract__block -->","PeriodicalId":13523,"journal":{"name":"Industrial Lubrication and Tribology","volume":"33 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5000,"publicationDate":"2024-04-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":"{\"title\":\"Effects of Spectrum Loading and break in period using molybdenum disulphide (MoS2) and zinc dialkyl dithiophosphate (ZDDP) as EP additives in lithium based grease\",\"authors\":\"Gabi N. Nehme, Najat G. Nehme\",\"doi\":\"10.1108/ilt-01-2024-0016\",\"DOIUrl\":null,\"url\":null,\"abstract\":\"<h3>Purpose</h3>\\n<p>The purpose of variable loading conditions (392 N-785N-392N-785N) with break-in period were used to study interactions between zinc dialkyl dithiophosphate (ZDDP) 0.1 P% (phosphorus) and fine-grade molybdenum disulfide (MoS<sub>2</sub>) 3%, in different mixtures of NLGI 2 lithium stearate grease. Four-ball wear tests were used to evaluate the tribological properties of different grease mixtures such as coefficient of friction and wear. ASTM 2266 as reported by earlier studies is useful, but it is not representative of real-life applications where variable loads and speeds and different break-in periods play a role and could change the results and the nature of tribofilms.</p><!--/ Abstract__block -->\\n<h3>Design/methodology/approach</h3>\\n<p>In this study, chemical and mechanical properties of tribofilms were examined. Moreover, design of experiment was used to examine the data and shorten experimentation time. Research described here is investigating variable loading conditions for real-life applications by using a break-in period of 2 min at the start to minimize asperities and establish a clean surface. Design expert (DOE) analyzes responses to reveal those variables that are single factor and those that are multifactor whether synergistically or antagonistically.</p><!--/ Abstract__block -->\\n<h3>Findings</h3>\\n<p>The results indicated that spectrum loading with break-in period showed reduction in wear when tested in greases with ZDDP/MoS<sub>2</sub> combinations. Ramping up or down the load every 7.5 min for a rotational speed of 1,200 rpm and a total of 36,000 revolutions or 30-min time slowed the wear properties of lithium-based grease under different MoS<sub>2</sub> and ZDDP concentrations. Experiments indicated that wear was largely dependent on the loading condition and ZDDP additives during specific break-in period at 1,200 rotational speed. It is believed that MoS<sub>2</sub> greases perform better under spectrum loading and under constant loading when mixed with ZDDP phosphorus.</p><!--/ Abstract__block -->\\n<h3>Originality/value</h3>\\n<p>This research indicates that there is a synergistic interaction between ZDDP, MoS<sub>2</sub> and variable loading especially when a break-in period is applied. The results indicated that wear was largely dependent on the specific speed used with spectrum loading as presented in the energy dispersive spectroscopy and the Auger electron spectroscopy analysis, and thus a 3% MoS<sub>2</sub> grease with ZDDP (phosphorus: 0.1 Wt.%) are needed to improve the wear resistance and improve the friction characteristics.</p><!--/ Abstract__block -->\\n<h3>Peer review</h3>\\n<p>The peer review history for this article is available at: https://publons.com/publon/10.1108/ILT-01-2024-0016/</p><!--/ Abstract__block -->\",\"PeriodicalId\":13523,\"journal\":{\"name\":\"Industrial Lubrication and Tribology\",\"volume\":\"33 1\",\"pages\":\"\"},\"PeriodicalIF\":1.5000,\"publicationDate\":\"2024-04-16\",\"publicationTypes\":\"Journal Article\",\"fieldsOfStudy\":null,\"isOpenAccess\":false,\"openAccessPdf\":\"\",\"citationCount\":\"0\",\"resultStr\":null,\"platform\":\"Semanticscholar\",\"paperid\":null,\"PeriodicalName\":\"Industrial Lubrication and Tribology\",\"FirstCategoryId\":\"5\",\"ListUrlMain\":\"https://doi.org/10.1108/ilt-01-2024-0016\",\"RegionNum\":4,\"RegionCategory\":\"工程技术\",\"ArticlePicture\":[],\"TitleCN\":null,\"AbstractTextCN\":null,\"PMCID\":null,\"EPubDate\":\"\",\"PubModel\":\"\",\"JCR\":\"Q3\",\"JCRName\":\"ENGINEERING, MECHANICAL\",\"Score\":null,\"Total\":0}","platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Industrial Lubrication and Tribology","FirstCategoryId":"5","ListUrlMain":"https://doi.org/10.1108/ilt-01-2024-0016","RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q3","JCRName":"ENGINEERING, MECHANICAL","Score":null,"Total":0}
Effects of Spectrum Loading and break in period using molybdenum disulphide (MoS2) and zinc dialkyl dithiophosphate (ZDDP) as EP additives in lithium based grease
Purpose
The purpose of variable loading conditions (392 N-785N-392N-785N) with break-in period were used to study interactions between zinc dialkyl dithiophosphate (ZDDP) 0.1 P% (phosphorus) and fine-grade molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) 3%, in different mixtures of NLGI 2 lithium stearate grease. Four-ball wear tests were used to evaluate the tribological properties of different grease mixtures such as coefficient of friction and wear. ASTM 2266 as reported by earlier studies is useful, but it is not representative of real-life applications where variable loads and speeds and different break-in periods play a role and could change the results and the nature of tribofilms.
Design/methodology/approach
In this study, chemical and mechanical properties of tribofilms were examined. Moreover, design of experiment was used to examine the data and shorten experimentation time. Research described here is investigating variable loading conditions for real-life applications by using a break-in period of 2 min at the start to minimize asperities and establish a clean surface. Design expert (DOE) analyzes responses to reveal those variables that are single factor and those that are multifactor whether synergistically or antagonistically.
Findings
The results indicated that spectrum loading with break-in period showed reduction in wear when tested in greases with ZDDP/MoS2 combinations. Ramping up or down the load every 7.5 min for a rotational speed of 1,200 rpm and a total of 36,000 revolutions or 30-min time slowed the wear properties of lithium-based grease under different MoS2 and ZDDP concentrations. Experiments indicated that wear was largely dependent on the loading condition and ZDDP additives during specific break-in period at 1,200 rotational speed. It is believed that MoS2 greases perform better under spectrum loading and under constant loading when mixed with ZDDP phosphorus.
Originality/value
This research indicates that there is a synergistic interaction between ZDDP, MoS2 and variable loading especially when a break-in period is applied. The results indicated that wear was largely dependent on the specific speed used with spectrum loading as presented in the energy dispersive spectroscopy and the Auger electron spectroscopy analysis, and thus a 3% MoS2 grease with ZDDP (phosphorus: 0.1 Wt.%) are needed to improve the wear resistance and improve the friction characteristics.
Peer review
The peer review history for this article is available at: https://publons.com/publon/10.1108/ILT-01-2024-0016/
期刊介绍：
Industrial Lubrication and Tribology provides a broad coverage of the materials and techniques employed in tribology. It contains a firm technical news element which brings together and promotes best practice in the three disciplines of tribology, which comprise lubrication, wear and friction. ILT also follows the progress of research into advanced lubricants, bearings, seals, gears and related machinery parts, as well as materials selection. A double-blind peer review process involving the editor and other subject experts ensures the content''s validity and relevance.
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