Does pedagogical metamorphosis exist? Exploring the practices of primary school teachers at different stages of their careers

Research has highlighted the advantages of specific practices for enhancing student learning. However, the adoption of these practices varies among teachers. This disparity raises fundamental questions: Why do certain teachers use these practices while others do not? Does the use of these practices depend on the career stage of the teachers? This paper analyses the practices adopted by teachers at different career stages. We used a mixed-methods approach, combining a questionnaire (n = 300) and three focus group discussions (n = 13). The results revealed significant variability in the use of pedagogical practices among novice, experienced and senior teachers. Experienced and senior teachers demonstrate a deeper understanding of adapting teaching methods to student needs, establishing clear objectives and providing feedback. However, certain practices, such as metacognition, remain underused at all career stages. The study highlights the need for professional development concerning these practices, while emphasising the challenge of their implementation.