温带森林生态系统中的多个物种对道路的风险反应是一致的

IF 3.1 2区 环境科学与生态学 Q2 ECOLOGY Oikos Pub Date : 2024-04-08 DOI:10.1111/oik.10433
Matteo Luca Bastianelli, Christian von Hoermann, Katrin Kirchner, Johannes Signer, Claudia Dupke, Maik Henrich, Elodie Wielgus, Christian Fiderer, Elisa Belotti, Luděk Bufka, Simone Ciuti, Carsten F. Dormann, Tobias Kuemmerle, Ilse Storch, Clara Grilo, Marco Heurich
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引用次数: 0

摘要

道路对野生动物物种的影响多种多样,有些物种可以有效适应,有些物种则不能。研究特定区域内多个物种对相同基础设施的反应有助于了解这种差异,并揭示干扰对野生动物群落生态的影响。本研究调查了欧洲中部受保护的波希米亚森林生态系统中具有独特生态和行为特征的四个物种对道路的行为反应:它们分别是:独居食草动物欧洲狍(Capreolus capreolus)、群居食草动物红鹿(Cervus elaphus)、群居杂食动物野猪(Sus scrofa)和独居大型食肉动物欧亚猞猁(Lynx lynx)。我们利用从每个物种收集到的 GPS 数据,采用综合步骤选择分析法研究了与道路相关的移动行为和栖息地选择。对于所有种类和性别的猞猁,我们预测其对道路的移动速度会增加,会选择道路附近的植被和道路交叉后的空旷区域,并在白天增加对道路的回避。我们发现不同物种对道路的行为反应非常相似。对道路暴露的行为适应,如增加移动速度和选择植被覆盖,类似于对自然捕食风险的反应。在交通流量大的白天,它们会更强烈地避开道路。在黄昏和夜间,在提供食物资源的开阔地带,动物更频繁地穿越道路。在道路上活动的动物更倾向于避开道路,而不是快速移动。有蹄类动物更多地在黄昏时分穿越道路,这与冬季的通勤交通相吻合。尽管这四种动物的生态和行为存在差异,但我们的研究结果表明,它们对共同威胁的适应性相似。在全球交通网络不断扩大的同时,应努力了解并尽量减少道路对野生动物的影响,以协助野生动物管理和确保保护。
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Risk response towards roads is consistent across multiple species in a temperate forest ecosystem
Roads can have diverse impacts on wildlife species, and while some species may adapt effectively, others may not. Studying multiple species' responses to the same infrastructure in a given area can help understand this variation and reveal the effects of disturbance on the ecology of wildlife communities. This study investigates the behavioural responses of four species with distinctive ecological and behavioural traits to roads in the protected Bohemian Forest Ecosystem in central Europe: European roe deer Capreolus capreolus, a solitary herbivore; red deer Cervus elaphus a gregarious herbivore; wild boar Sus scrofa, a gregarious omnivore and Eurasian lynx Lynx lynx, a solitary large carnivore. We used GPS data gathered from each species to study movement behaviour and habitat selection in relation to roads using an integrated step selection analysis. For all species and sexes, we predicted increased movement rates in response to roads, selection of vegetation cover near roads and open areas after road crossings, and increased road avoidance during the day. We found remarkably similar behavioural responses towards roads across species. The behavioural adaptations to road exposure, such as increased movement rates and selection for vegetation cover, were analogous to responses to natural predation risk. Roads were more strongly avoided during daytime, when traffic volume was high. Road crossings were more frequent at twilight and at night within open areas offering food resources. Gregarious animals exposed to roads favoured stronger road avoidance over faster movements. Ungulates crossed roads more at twilight, coinciding with commuter traffic during winter. Despite differences in the ecology and behaviour of the four species, our results showed similar adaptations towards a common threat. The continuous expansion of the global transportation network should be accompanied by efforts to understand and minimise the impact of roads on wildlife to assist wildlife management and ensure conservation.
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来源期刊
Oikos
Oikos 环境科学-生态学
CiteScore
6.20
自引率
5.90%
发文量
152
审稿时长
6-12 weeks
期刊介绍: Oikos publishes original and innovative research on all aspects of ecology, defined as organism-environment interactions at various spatiotemporal scales, so including macroecology and evolutionary ecology. Emphasis is on theoretical and empirical work aimed at generalization and synthesis across taxa, systems and ecological disciplines. Papers can contribute to new developments in ecology by reporting novel theory or critical empirical results, and "synthesis" can include developing new theory, tests of general hypotheses, or bringing together established or emerging areas of ecology. Confirming or extending the established literature, by for example showing results that are novel for a new taxon, or purely applied research, is given low priority.
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