Ann Le, Helen Peng, Danielle Golinsky, Matteo Di Scipio, Ricky Lali, Guillaume Paré
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This review provides an overview of genetic and non-genetic causes of premature coronary artery disease (pCAD).
Recent Findings
pCAD refers to coronary artery disease (CAD) occurring before the age of 65 years in women and 55 years in men. Both genetic and non-genetic risk factors may contribute to the onset of pCAD. Recent advances in the genetic epidemiology of pCAD have revealed the importance of both monogenic and polygenic contributions to pCAD. Familial hypercholesterolemia (FH) is the most common monogenic disorder associated with atherosclerotic pCAD. However, clinical overreliance on monogenic genes can result in overlooked genetic causes of pCAD, especially polygenic contributions. Non-genetic factors, notably smoking and drug use, are also important contributors to pCAD. Cigarette smoking has been observed in 25.5% of pCAD patients relative to 12.2% of non-pCAD patients. Finally, myocardial infarction (MI) associated with spontaneous coronary artery dissection (SCAD) may result in similar clinical presentations as atherosclerotic pCAD.
Summary
Recognizing the genetic and non-genetic causes underlying pCAD is important for appropriate prevention and treatment. Despite recent progress, pCAD remains incompletely understood, highlighting the need for both awareness and research.
期刊介绍：
The aim of this journal is to systematically provide expert views on current basic science and clinical advances in the field of atherosclerosis and highlight the most important developments likely to transform the field of cardiovascular prevention, diagnosis, and treatment.
We accomplish this aim by appointing major authorities to serve as Section Editors who select leading experts from around the world to provide definitive reviews on key topics and papers published in the past year. We also provide supplementary reviews and commentaries from well-known figures in the field. An Editorial Board of internationally diverse members suggests topics of special interest to their country/region and ensures that topics are current and include emerging research.
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