A water stable Cu-MOF/GO composite as a persulfate activator for efficient degradation of dye wastewater

Water pollution caused by textile dyes is considered a major and growing issue. To address this challenge, in this research, water-stable Cu-MOFs/GO composite catalysts were produced using the hydrothermal synthesis method as an efficient persulfate (PDS) activator for methyl orange (MO) degradation. We also explored the changes in surface morphology, crystal structure, surface functional groups, and valence states of the materials before and after the introduction of GO by Cu-MOFs. It was shown that Cu-MOFs/GO demonstrates a more stable surface structure, and the unique folded structure of GO provides a better hydrophobic environment for Cu metal cluster hence making MOF easier to grow. The Cu-MOFs/GO-PDS system showed a high activation performance on persulfate in a wide pH range (3–11), meanwhile, was less affected by the presence of natural anions in the environment and more inhibited by natural organic matter citric acid. Furthermore, the Cu-MOFs/GO had excellent stability, reusability and structural integrity, and the removal rate of MO was maintained after five cycles. In terms of oxidation mechanism, in addition to the generation of ·SO4⁻ and OH· radicals, there were also singlet oxygen ¹O₂ and active Cu(III) in the system, and all of these active substances contributed to the removal of pollutant MO.