Prospects of Using the Genetic Potential of Ungulates Living in the Arctic Zone

Abstract

The genetic potential of ungulates in the Arctic zone of the Russian Federation is rich and diverse, but requires modern research methods. The use of genetic systems allows one to study the genome of animals, determine the state of the genetic diversity of species, propose reasonable ways to maintain the level of heterozygosity in domesticated animals, and purposefully obtain individuals endowed with the characteristics necessary for humans. Analysis of the gene pools and their structure is interesting for both modern breeding and environmental genetics and may be in demand in the future when planning the development of animal husbandry in the Arctic zone for decades to come. The unique adaptive capabilities of the animals to the harsh conditions of the Far North open up wide opportunities for their rational use. Reindeer, muskox, and snow sheep are the most important components of high-latitude ecosystems, which can hardly be inhabited by other species of ungulates. Thus, they represent great scientific and practical value in terms of preserving agrodiversity in the Arctic zone of the Russian Federation.