CJ Eubanks Fleming, Abbey L. Rose, Alexis T. Franzese, Mark Weaver
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Longitudinal changes in depression and anxiety during the COVID-19 pandemic and the impact of COVID-related factors
Objective
This study is an investigation of five specific COVID-related stressors and their longitudinal impact on adult depression and anxiety.
Method
A total of 592 adults comprised the initial sample at Time 1 in April/May 2020. Follow-ups were conducted about a month later, again in March 2021 and then in March 2022.
Results
Applied linear mixed effect models showed a significant decrease in mean depression scores and anxiety scores from Time 1 to both Times 3 and 4. Neither change over time in anxiety or depression were found to be related to COVID diagnosis, COVID hospitalization, or COVID death. Self-quarantine was related to changes over time in both depression and anxiety, and household quarantine was related to changes over time in depression.
Conclusion
While the fallout of the pandemic continues, it is important to understand how these factors may be affecting mental health to better understand where intervention is necessary.
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