Journal of Clinical Psychology最新文献

Objective: The present study aimed to translate and validate the French version of the Pain Resilience Scale (PRS) that was initially created and validated within English-speaking populations.

Methods: A total of 137 participants experiencing chronic pain completed the French version of the PRS and other questionnaires commonly used to evaluate resilience or vulnerability towards pain. Of these, 71 participants successfully retook the PRS measure within 15 days of their initial participation. A principal component analysis was employed to evaluate the internal structure of the questionnaire. Following classical test theory, internal consistency, convergent validity, and test-retest reliability were checked for the chosen model. Lastly, an item response theory analysis (IRT) was conducted for the 2 PRS dimensions. Factor analyses identified a two-factor solution consistent to the original English version of the PRS.

Results: The findings demonstrated that the scale's internal consistency and test-retest reliability meet the requirements for classical psychometric qualities. The overall PRS score and its subscales showed good convergent validity with measures assessing resilience or vulnerability processes to pain. IRT results highlighted difficulties with some items on each of the 2 dimensions that complement the results of the previous classical analyses.

Conclusions: The French version of the PRS scale is a reliable tool for measuring pain-specific resilience toward persistent pain.

The relationship between misophonia and sleep-related problems (SRPs) in youth is underexplored. This paucity of research is concerning because SRPs might be elevated among youth with misophonia. If left untreated, SRPs can contribute to long-term health consequences. Thus, in this study we examined the link between misophonia and SRPs in youth aged 8 to 17. In this study, we compared SRPs in 102 children and adolescents with clinically significant misophonia to SRPs in a normative youth sample and a sample of 94 youth with anxiety disorders. We also examined the extent to which SRPs were associated with misophonia severity. Approximately 30% of youth with misophonia endorsed clinical levels of SRPs. SRPs were more prevalent in youth with misophonia compared to normative data from the general youth population (d = 1.22) and similar to SRPs in youth with anxiety disorders (d = 0.13). Youth with more severe misophonia symptoms had greater difficulties with SRPs and this association was attenuated but still significant when adjusting for gender, age, and internalizing and externalizing symptoms. In this study, we provided the first evidence of substantial issues with SRPs in youth with misophonia. Importantly, there was a moderate association between misophonia severity and SRPs, indicating that SRPs should be carefully assessed and potentially addressed in treatment for youth with misophonia. We discussed suggestions for clinical practice and future research.

Objectives: Adolescents transitioning from child and adolescent mental health services (CAMHS) to adult mental health services (AMHS) may face challenges in accurately identifying and reporting their mental health symptoms, often leading to discrepancies between clinician and patient evaluations. Using data from the MILESTONE project, this study aims to assess clinician-adolescent concordance over 24 months and identify domains of psychopathology with the highest disparities.

Methods: Participants were assessed at baseline, 9, 15, and 24 months using the Health of the Nation Outcome Scales for Children and Adolescents (HoNOSCA) scale and were categorized in four diagnostic groups. Hierarchical cluster analysis identified symptom-based subgroups of patients based on clinician and patient-rated HoNOSCA scores. Concordance was evaluated through multilevel linear regression models, while Bland-Altman plots examined agreement between scores across time points.

Results: Two clusters of patients were identified: one characterized by lower severity and greater prevalence, the other by higher complexity and fewer individuals. Clinician-patient concordance increased over time, rising from 77% to 83% by the second time point and stabilizing. Concordance varied across diagnostic categories, with anxiety showing the highest agreement and ADHD the lowest.

Conclusions: Improved communication, psychoeducation, and tailored interventions may facilitate greater patient-clinician alignment, thereby supporting more favorable outcomes during this critical developmental period.

Trial registration: ISRCTN83240263; NCT03013595.

The Dark Triad is a very popular construct in Polish psychology. Enriching the Triad with another variable, sadism, significantly expands the research in this field. The main aim of the presented study was to determine the psychometric properties of the Short Dark Tetrad (SD4), adapting it to Polish, exploring the factor structure, determining reliability and external validity, and correlating it with age and gender. For this purpose, 1188 individuals were studied (age range 18-78; M age = 25.50; SD = 10.50); with 858 females (72.2%), 324 males (27.3%), and 6 persons identifying as nonbinary, other genders (0.5%). The results indicate a factor structure not fully similar to the original, with the exception of the Narcissism and Psychopathy scales (six instead of seven items) and Sadism (three instead of seven items). However, the factor structure appeared to fit the model and was found to be significant. The reliability analysis indicated satisfactory scores. Correlation analyses confirmed the external consistency of the Dark Tetrad components with their full-length instruments. In spite of the difference between the final structure of the questionnaire in the Polish version and the original version, the adapted SD4 questionnaire can be successfully used in research, thus expanding the research possibilities in the Polish sample.

Objective: The DSM-5 Alternative Model for Personality Disorders (AMPD) includes two main criteria, impairments in personality functioning (Criterion A) and the presence of maladaptive personality traits (Criterion B). The Personality Inventory for DSM-5 (PID-5) is the primary operationalization of the maladaptive trait framework characterized in Criterion B. This study sought to examine the temporal stability of the PID-5 across 1-year, as well as its concurrent and longitudinal associations with clinically relevant external criteria. We hypothesized the PID-5 would exhibit a high degree of rank-order stability over time, as well as positive associations with putatively negative clinical processes and negative associations with adaptive processes. Negative affectivity was expected to display a markedly consistent pattern of associations, and antagonism was expected to exhibit a more attenuated pattern.

Methods: Participants with heightened borderline personality features completed the PID-5 and measures of emotional, cognitive, and behavioral processes, as well as psychiatric symptomology, at baseline (N = 107; M = 30.94, SD = 7.33; 51% women) and 1-year follow-up (N = 72). Rank-order stability (Pearson's r) and mean-level changes (Cohen's d) for the PID-5 domains and facets were calculated, along with bivariate correlations with outcomes.

Results: Results suggest high stability in terms of rank-order (median Pearson's r correlation of 0.74 for domains and 0.70 for facets), but small to moderate mean-level Cohen's d changes were common (Mdn = -0.56 for domains). Prospective associations with clinical criteria suggest domains and facets are predictive of important therapeutic change processes and outcomes in theoretically expected ways. Negative affectivity exhibited a consistent pattern of associations with outcomes (14/19 correlations > 0.30), and antagonism demonstrated the most attenuated pattern of associations (5/19 correlations > 0.30).

Conclusion: Findings generally support the stability of AMPD maladaptive traits and provide further evidence for the model's clinical utility.

Objective: Early on the morning of September 27, 2024, Hurricane Helene roared through the Southeastern United States, leaving a trail of devastation to be followed by a recovery period that will last months, and, in some places, even years. The purpose of the current study was to analyze the extent to which online posts in response to a well-being prompt yielded positive affective responses despite the magnitude of the crisis.

Method and results: One week and 2 weeks after the hurricane, a local news agency prompted followers on Facebook to respond with how they were coping. BERTopic modeling conducted on 1941 Facebook comments in response to the first prompt resulted in 25 non-noise topics. In the first sample (1 week after the Hurricane), the largest topic, centering around lack of power, contained 277 comments. The smallest topic, centering around the lack of Internet access, contained 11 relevant comments. Three categories generated from these topics were labeled "Outages" (702 comments), "Gratitude" (352 comments), and "Physical Recovery and Response" (257 comments). In the second sample (2 weeks after the Hurricane), the largest topic centered around gratitude and contained 30 comments. Outages again represented the largest category, with 67 comments, followed by gratitude with 57 comments. Sentiment analysis showed that gratitude had the highest sentiment with sentiment ratings increasing with the second sample. Significant differences by gender were not observed.

Conclusion: These results show that people can experience significant life upheaval and potentially catastrophic loss and still find joy and gratitude. Focusing on factors where people still hold power, such as gratitude for being alive and for community support, allows people to reframe tragedy into an opportunity for growth.

Mentalization-based therapy for adolescents (MBT-A) is a treatment modality with an evidence base for young people struggling with borderline personality disorder, depression, and self-harm. Recently, several innovations to MBT-A have been described to expand its utility to new populations. In this paper, we first describe the basic structure of MBT-A and its interventions. Second, we describe developmental considerations of working with adolescents. Third, we describe recent innovations to MBT-A which expand its utility to new populations: (1) nosological reform toward a dimensional model of psychopathology, (2) mentalizing as a transdiagnostic factor for all adolescents receiving psychotherapy regardless of specific disorder or treatment modality, and (3) an explicit focus on the social context of the adolescent outside of the therapy room. We use case material to demonstrate the basic MBT-A structure and highlight the recent innovations which expand its utility.

As the prevalence of anxiety disorders increases, there is rising interest in factors that protect against and alleviate anxiety. One such factor is hope, or the positive expectancy of utilizing pathways and agency to accomplish one's goals. The present study is a Meta-analytic review of literature examining associations between hope and anxiety in its various forms. The primary aim was to determine if greater hope was associated with lower anxiety cross-sectionally, longitudinally, and across diagnostic boundaries. A comprehensive literature review identified 129 studies with 155 unique effect sizes (ES) that met eligibility criteria, 102 (108 unique ES) of which examined the cross-sectional relationship between hope and trait anxiety (n = 31,514). The weighted, standardized mean ESr (-0.36, 95% CI [-0.38, -0.32]) reflected a moderate inverse relationship, while the longitudinal ES (k = 11) was slightly weaker (r = -0.27, 95% CI [-0.38, -0.17]. Mean ESs for the relationships between hope and disorder-specific anxiety were comparable in strength; the largest effect was seen between hope and social anxiety disorder. Moderator analysis indicated that the cross-sectional relationship between hope and trait anxiety was not impacted by sample type, but not by gender or age group. This systematic review demonstrates that hope is prospectively and cross-sectionally associated with lower levels of trait-level anxiety. In addition to being a robust predictor of lower trait anxiety, hope is associated with less disorder-specific anxiety. These findings indicate that hope is an impactful source of resilience that could be targeted in interventions for anxiety.

Background: Depression and anxiety are increasingly common among children and adolescents. While school-based cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) is a promising intervention, most research has focused on its effects in high-risk or symptomatic populations. This leaves a critical gap in our understanding of its effectiveness as a universal prevention strategy for the general, low-risk student population. Establishing whether CBT can benefit low-risk students is crucial for developing proactive, school-wide mental health systems aimed at preventing future problems before they emerge. This study aimed to fill this gap by evaluating the short- and long-term effects of universal school-based CBT on low-risk children and young people, providing insights for optimizing intervention programs.

Methods: Systematic searches of MEDLINE, Embase, the Cochrane Library, Web of Science, and PsyInfo were conducted from inception to January 15, 2025 to identify randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of school-based CBT for depression and anxiety in low-risk populations. Paired and regression meta-analyses of these results were conducted using Bayesian hierarchical models.

Results: The 31 RCTs included a total of 19,865 children and young people. Compared to the control group, school-based CBT produced a statistically significant but very small improvement in depressive symptoms (SMD: -0.06, 95% CrI: -0.08 to -0.04) and a small reduction in anxiety symptoms (SMD: -0.19, 95% CrI: -0.22 to -0.17). These effects appeared to be maintained for up to 1 year. Exploratory analyses suggested that males may benefit more from anxiety interventions.

Conclusion: This study provides the first meta-analytic evidence that universal school-based CBT can produce small but durable, long-term preventive effects in low-risk youth. Although the very low quality of the underlying evidence means the findings are not robust enough to support widespread implementation at this time, they establish a crucial signal of effectiveness. The primary implication is that universal CBT is a promising strategy that warrants significant investment in future high-quality, large-scale trials to confirm its real-world value.

Personality disorders (PD) in adolescents are a significant risk factor in the development and maintenance of eating disorders (ED). Comorbid PD and ED can influence each other and significantly impact on the young person's well-being, worsening interpersonal relationships and social functioning. Patients with ED often use coping mechanisms related to food and body shape as maladaptive attempts to manage PD-related problems, like negative ideas about self and others. We describe the case of an 18-year-old adolescent presenting with binge eating disorder (BED), stage I obesity, and Avoidant and Obsessive-Compulsive Personality Disorders, treated with Metacognitive Interpersonal Therapy for Eating Disorders (MIT-ED). The patient reported low self-esteem and insecurity about her decision. When her need for autonomy was frustrated, she adopted dysfunctional behaviors such as chasing perfectionistic goals to increase her self-esteem. Further, when criticized feeling useless, she would mitigate her feelings of shame and sadness through social withdrawal and binge eating. Therapy focused on improving awareness of the mental states that contribute to social withdrawal and dysfunctional eating behaviors and to build psychological resources to support self-worth and autonomy. We describe the addition of family therapy to the treatment protocol to address some of the interpersonal and relational dynamics that maintained Asia's sense of herself as worthless and unable to pursue her own goals. Implications for treating adolescents presenting with comorbid PD and ED are discussed.