FACTORS AFFECTING THE PSYCHOLOGICAL TRAINING OF YOUNG SWIMMERS

Psychological preparation of swimmers for competitions. One of the specific features of sports activity is that it is well known to the athlete and studied by him in advance. In few sports, the athlete encounters completely unexpected, sudden stimuli. But even in such cases, he tries to predict the course of sports wrestling. Often, in all types of sports, at competitions, athletes cannot show their best results: they cannot lift a weight that was easily lifted in training; mistakes are made in the technique of gymnastic exercises; cannot run as fast as possible, etc. And all this is because the athlete cannot always demonstrate and mobilize his mental functions at the level necessary to achieve the maximum result. In this regard, psychological training acquires special importance, the purpose of which is the formation and improvement of personal properties significant for sports by changing the system of the athlete's relationship to the process of activity, to himself and others. The formation and consolidation of appropriate relations is created through the integral influence on the athlete of the family, university, sports team, organizations that perform educational functions, the coach, and other persons, as well as through self-education. Of particular interest are fluctuations in the level of qualities characteristic of everyone during different periods of preparation. For example, we observe that with appropriate psychological preparation on the eve of a competition, it is possible to reduce the level of anxiety, increase the level of competitiveness, and volitional control, thereby facilitating successful performance.