经济学家:对过去和未来粮食系统的展望

J. Ikerd
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摘要

第一段:在上一篇专栏中,我描述了我在过去看到的以及期望在未来看到的美国农业转型变革。转型变革不是通常意义上的渐进式变革或适应性变革,而是指 "企业自身某些基本结构--其战略、文化、组织、物理结构、供应链或流程--的巨大演变"(哈佛商学院在线,2020 年,"转型变革",第 1 段)。我相信,无论是过去还是未来,食品系统的变革都与农业的变革一样具有变革性。20 世纪 40 年代,我在密苏里州农村长大,那时我们有一个本地食品系统。我们吃的大部分食物都是在农场里种植、狩猎、捕鱼或觅食的。其余大部分都是在距离我们农场约 50 英里的范围内种植和加工的。当地有肉类加工厂和腌制厂、乳制品加工厂、水果和蔬菜罐头厂,甚至还有当地的面粉厂。咖啡、茶叶、香料、一些罐头和包装食品以及偶尔的香蕉和橘子则来自其他地方。我最乐观的估计是,在 20 世纪 40 年代,我们吃的东西中至少有 75% 是自家种的,或者是在本地种植和加工的。. .
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THE ECONOMIC PAMPHLETEER: Perspectives on past and future food systems
First paragraphs: In my previous column, I described the trans­for­mational changes I have seen in the past and expect to see in the future of American agriculture. Transformational change is not the usual incre­mental or adaptive change but is defined as “a dramatic evolution of some basic structure of the business itself—its strategy, culture, organiza­tion, physical structure, supply chain, or processes” (Harvard Business School Online, 2020, “Transfor­mational Change,” para. 1). I believe the changes in food systems, past and future, have been and will be just as transformational as the changes in agriculture. When I was growing up in the 1940s in rural Missouri, we had a local food system. Most of what we ate was grown, hunted, fished, or foraged on our farm. Most of the rest was grown and pro­cessed within about 50 miles of our farm. There were local meat processors and locker plants, dairy processing plants, fruit and vegetable can­neries, and even local flour mills. Coffee, tea, spices, some canned and packaged foods, and occa­sional bana­nas and oranges came from elsewhere. My best guess is that at least 75% of what we ate in the 1940s was homegrown or grown and processed locally. . .
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