埃塞俄比亚中部高原传统畜牧生产系统下的管理方法和收割阶段对天然牧草的植物成分、生物量产量和营养价值的影响

Q3 Agricultural and Biological Sciences Tropical and Subtropical Agroecosystems Pub Date : 2024-04-12 DOI:10.56369/tsaes.5290
Lidetewold Tsega Dossegna, A. Nurfeta, A. Tolera, Fekede Feyissa
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引用次数: 0

摘要

背景:天然牧场是全世界,尤其是埃塞俄比亚牲畜饲料的重要来源。虽然牧场覆盖率和管理方法随着时间的推移而不断变化,但针对小农管理条件下的动态状况的研究却十分有限。目标:评估天然牧场植物成分评估埃塞俄比亚中部高地不同管理和收割阶段的天然牧草植物成分、生物量产量和营养价值。方法:在不同的管理(粗放管理、使用尿素作为肥料的半粗放管理和季节性放牧)条件下,在三个阶段(开花前、开花中期和盛花期后)收割牧草。采用 0.25 平方米的四分法进行草本植物物种鉴定、生物量产量估算和营养价值分析。样品的化学成分采用近红外反射光谱法进行分析。结果共鉴定出 31 种草本植物(38.71% 为禾本科,19.35% 为豆科,9.67% 为莎草科,32.26% 为牧草科),隶属于 11 个科。半集约化管理模式下的牧草在完全成熟阶段的生物量总产量高于季节性放牧和广泛管理模式下的牧草。所有管理方式下的物种丰富度、物种均匀度香农-维纳多样性(H'max)和最大可能多样性(H'max)相似(P>0.05)。在季节性放牧条件下,天然牧场条件得分一般,而在粗放型和半集约型管理条件下,天然牧场条件得分很高。代谢能(ME)和体外有机物消化率(IVOMD)较高(PImplications:研究结果为在半集约化牧场管理中提高牧草的生物量产量和质量以及在盛花期后收割牧草提供了新的见解。结论本研究建议在埃塞俄比亚高原地区进行半集约化管理,并在盛花期后收割,以提高牧草生物量产量、牧草状况和营养价值。需要进一步研究施肥(有机、无机)和其他管理对埃塞俄比亚高原类似地区和其他地区天然牧草生物量产量和质量的综合影响。
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EFFECT OF MANAGEMENT PRACTICES AND HARVESTING STAGE ON BOTANICAL COMPOSITION, BIOMASS YIELD, AND NUTRITIONAL VALUE OF NATURAL PASTURE UNDER TRADITIONAL LIVESTOCK PRODUCTION SYSTEM IN THE CENTRAL HIGHLANDS OF ETHIOPIA

Background: Natural pasture is an essential source of livestock feed worldwide, particularly in Ethiopia. Though pastureland coverage and management practices are changing over time, studies are limited in addressing the status under the dynamics of smallholder management conditions. Objective: To evaluate natural pasture botanical composition, biomass yield, and nutritional value under different management and stages of harvesting in the central highlands of Ethiopia. Methodology: The pasture was harvested at three stages (pre-flowering, mid-flowering, and after full flowering) under different management (extensive, semi-intensive  where  urea was used as a fertilizer, and seasonal grazing). Quadrats of 0.25 m2 were used for herbaceous species identification, biomass yield estimation and nutritive value analysis. Chemical composition of the samples were analyzed using Near-Infrared Reflectance Spectroscopy. Results: Thirty-one herbaceous species were identified (38.71% grasses, 19.35% legumes, 9.67% sedges, and 32.26% forbs), which belong to 11 families. The total biomass yield under semi-intensive management practice  at full maturity stage was greater than seasonally grazed and extensively managed pasture. The species richness, species evenness Shannon-Wiener diversity (H’ max) and maximum possible diversity (H’max) were similar (P>0.05) under all management practices. Natural pasture condition score was fair under seasonal grazing, while the score was excellent under extensive and semi-intensive management. Metabolizable energy (ME), and in vitro organic matter digestibility (IVOMD) were higher (P<0.5) under extensive management compared to the semi-intensive management. The pasture harvested at the pre-flowering stage had higher (P<0.05) CP content, IVOMD, and ME, but low neutral detergent fiber, acid detergent fiber and acid detergent lignin values. Implications: The findings provide new insights into improving the biomass yield and quality of the pasture in semi-intensive pastureland management, and harvesting after the full flowering stage. Conclusion: This study recommended semi-intensive management and harvesting after the full flowering stage for higher pasture biomass yield, pasture condition, and nutritional value in the highlands of Ethiopia. Further study is required to investigate the combined effects of fertilizer (organic, inorganic) application and other management on biomass yield and quality of natural pasture in similar and other areas in the highlands of Ethiopia. 

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来源期刊
Tropical and Subtropical Agroecosystems
Tropical and Subtropical Agroecosystems Agricultural and Biological Sciences-Agricultural and Biological Sciences (miscellaneous)
CiteScore
1.00
自引率
0.00%
发文量
49
审稿时长
24 weeks
期刊介绍: The journal is an international peer-reviewed publication devoted to disseminate original information contributing to the understanding and development of agroecosystems in tropical and subtropical areas. The Journal recognizes the multidisciplinary nature of its scope and encourages the submission of original manuscripts from all of the disciplines involved in this area. Original contributions are welcomed in relation to the study of particular components of the agroecosystems (i.e. plant, animal, soil) as well as the resulting interactions and their relationship/impact on society and environment. The journal does not received manuscripts based solely on economic acpects o food technology.
期刊最新文献
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