Beatriz Rendón Aguilar, Xenia Mitzi Yetlanezi Velázquez Cárdenas, Karla Morales Gutierrez, David Camero Aguilar, Jesus Ricardo de Santiago-Gómez, Ismael Rivera Ramírez
Background: Pre-Hispanic agroecosystems in Mexico City have changed the kind of crops, management practices, tools, and inputs, seriously impacting their biocultural value and sustainability. Previous studies have demonstrated these changes' economic, cultural, and political consequences. However, their effects on biodiversity have not been considered. The present study characterized the management carried out in three agroecosystems in the southeastern area of Mexico City and its possible relationship with agrobiodiversity. Objective: To evaluate the contribution of diversity, abundance, and composition of weeds as components of the sustainability of agroecosystems in Milpa Alta, Tláhuac, and Xochimilco municipalities. Methodology: 179 interviews were conducted with campesinos. Weeds sampling in 30 plots, recording the abundance and frequency of each species. These data were used to estimate different ecological parameters. Information on management practices was transformed to develop an “agroecosystem sustainability index.” A multivariate analysis was applied to compare weed attributes between agroecosystems and spaces and to detect possible relationships between the index and ecological parameters. Results: 156 species were recorded. The slope had the highest diversity, and ciénega had the lowest. More than half of the weeds were native, and the slope exhibited the highest number. The Importance Value indicated no dominant species on the slope, opposite to chinampa and ciénega. Species composition also differed between the three agroecosystems. Chinampa was impacted the most, whereas the slope was least affected. Implications: The displacement of traditional crops and agricultural practices and the incorporation of technological practices have modified the ecological attributes of weeds, like their abundance and composition. Conclusion: Starting from the argument that ecological attributes of weeds can be used as an indicator of sustainability, the slope resulted in the agroecosystem being most sustainable and should be used as a model to recover the agrobiodiversity of ciénegas and chinampas.
{"title":"ECOLOGICAL ATTRIBUTES OF WEEDS AS INDICATORS OF SUSTAINABILITY IN AGROECOSYSTEMS OF THE SOUTHEASTERN REGION OF MEXICO CITY","authors":"Beatriz Rendón Aguilar, Xenia Mitzi Yetlanezi Velázquez Cárdenas, Karla Morales Gutierrez, David Camero Aguilar, Jesus Ricardo de Santiago-Gómez, Ismael Rivera Ramírez","doi":"10.56369/tsaes.5493","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56369/tsaes.5493","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Pre-Hispanic agroecosystems in Mexico City have changed the kind of crops, management practices, tools, and inputs, seriously impacting their biocultural value and sustainability. Previous studies have demonstrated these changes' economic, cultural, and political consequences. However, their effects on biodiversity have not been considered. The present study characterized the management carried out in three agroecosystems in the southeastern area of Mexico City and its possible relationship with agrobiodiversity. Objective: To evaluate the contribution of diversity, abundance, and composition of weeds as components of the sustainability of agroecosystems in Milpa Alta, Tláhuac, and Xochimilco municipalities. Methodology: 179 interviews were conducted with campesinos. Weeds sampling in 30 plots, recording the abundance and frequency of each species. These data were used to estimate different ecological parameters. Information on management practices was transformed to develop an “agroecosystem sustainability index.” A multivariate analysis was applied to compare weed attributes between agroecosystems and spaces and to detect possible relationships between the index and ecological parameters. Results: 156 species were recorded. The slope had the highest diversity, and ciénega had the lowest. More than half of the weeds were native, and the slope exhibited the highest number. The Importance Value indicated no dominant species on the slope, opposite to chinampa and ciénega. Species composition also differed between the three agroecosystems. Chinampa was impacted the most, whereas the slope was least affected. Implications: The displacement of traditional crops and agricultural practices and the incorporation of technological practices have modified the ecological attributes of weeds, like their abundance and composition. Conclusion: Starting from the argument that ecological attributes of weeds can be used as an indicator of sustainability, the slope resulted in the agroecosystem being most sustainable and should be used as a model to recover the agrobiodiversity of ciénegas and chinampas. ","PeriodicalId":23259,"journal":{"name":"Tropical and Subtropical Agroecosystems","volume":"44 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141807157","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Juan Angel Espinoza Alonso, Marisol Galicia Júarez, Carlos Enrique Ail Catzim, Blanca Margarita Montiel Batalla, Jose Luis Velasco López, Roberto Soto Ortiz, Deyanira Quistián Martínez
{"title":"EVALUACIÓN DE LAS VARIEDADES DE TRIGO DON LUPE ORO C2020 Y CIANO M2018 DURANTE EL CICLO 2022-2023 EN EL VALLE DE MEXICALI, MÉXICO","authors":"Juan Angel Espinoza Alonso, Marisol Galicia Júarez, Carlos Enrique Ail Catzim, Blanca Margarita Montiel Batalla, Jose Luis Velasco López, Roberto Soto Ortiz, Deyanira Quistián Martínez","doi":"10.56369/5440","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56369/5440","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":23259,"journal":{"name":"Tropical and Subtropical Agroecosystems","volume":" 20","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141832664","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
José De Jesús Núñez-Rodríguez, C. A. Zuniga-Gonzalez
Background: A health crisis exposes people to food vulnerability by restricting the mobilization and commercial exchange of food. During the COVID-19 pandemic, an ample food supply was available to ensure the basic consumption of the population, prompting two questions: What resilient practices did farmers adopt to produce under conditions of high sanitary restriction, and what lessons did they derive to confront future crises? Objective: The article presents and collects the experiences of 59 small family farmers in Colombia in implementing good practices for economic and financial resilience and the lessons learned from the Covid-19 pandemic, constituting a new source of knowledge to understand human behaviors and actions in the face of adversity and the experiential learnings gained to act in future crisis scenarios. Methodology: To characterize the resilient practices of agricultural producers in the department of Norte de Santander, Colombia, amid the COVID-19 pandemic crisis, researchers conducted interviews with 59 smallholder farmers from 12 municipalities. The study encompassed 11 agricultural products and 6 animal products, ultimately identifying three overarching categories: economic resilience, financial resilience, and lessons learned. Main Results: The results indicate strategies for diversification of production, use of local resources, solidarity-based family work, short marketing chains and an economy of scarcity in family spending. Implications: These lessons can inform future policies and practices to better prepare for and respond to similar challenges. Conclusion: The study's findings provide valuable insights for policymakers and small farmers, emphasizing the importance of local resource utilization, community cooperation, and adaptive strategies to enhance resilience and sustain livelihoods during crises.
{"title":"RESILIENCE AND LESSONS LEARNED IN COLOMBIAN FAMILY FARMING DURING THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC","authors":"José De Jesús Núñez-Rodríguez, C. A. Zuniga-Gonzalez","doi":"10.56369/tsaes.5573","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56369/tsaes.5573","url":null,"abstract":"Background: A health crisis exposes people to food vulnerability by restricting the mobilization and commercial exchange of food. During the COVID-19 pandemic, an ample food supply was available to ensure the basic consumption of the population, prompting two questions: What resilient practices did farmers adopt to produce under conditions of high sanitary restriction, and what lessons did they derive to confront future crises? Objective: The article presents and collects the experiences of 59 small family farmers in Colombia in implementing good practices for economic and financial resilience and the lessons learned from the Covid-19 pandemic, constituting a new source of knowledge to understand human behaviors and actions in the face of adversity and the experiential learnings gained to act in future crisis scenarios. Methodology: To characterize the resilient practices of agricultural producers in the department of Norte de Santander, Colombia, amid the COVID-19 pandemic crisis, researchers conducted interviews with 59 smallholder farmers from 12 municipalities. The study encompassed 11 agricultural products and 6 animal products, ultimately identifying three overarching categories: economic resilience, financial resilience, and lessons learned. Main Results: The results indicate strategies for diversification of production, use of local resources, solidarity-based family work, short marketing chains and an economy of scarcity in family spending. Implications: These lessons can inform future policies and practices to better prepare for and respond to similar challenges. Conclusion: The study's findings provide valuable insights for policymakers and small farmers, emphasizing the importance of local resource utilization, community cooperation, and adaptive strategies to enhance resilience and sustain livelihoods during crises. ","PeriodicalId":23259,"journal":{"name":"Tropical and Subtropical Agroecosystems","volume":" 41","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141832721","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ximena Hernández-Arboleda, Sanín Ortiz-Grisales, W. Vivas-Arturo, Yulien Fernández-Romay, Orestes La O-León, Adibe Luiz-Abdalla, S. Pérez-Márquez, José Leonardo Ledea Rodríguez
Background: Tithonia diversifolia Helms (Gray), is a robust shrubby forage plant with high integral biomass yield (stem and leaves); susceptible to heliophany and conditioning of bromatological characteristics, nutritional value, and modification of the rumen environment is due to genetic variability between genotypes. Objective: To evaluate the macromolar quality of the biomass of introductions T. diversifolia Helms (Gray) established in two locations, and the nutritional value, gas production and in vitro rumen environment promoted by the whole plant biomass established in Ecuador. Methodology: The chemical composition of the full plant (PITD) was considered based on Dry Matter (DM), Organic Matter (OM), Mineral composition (MC), Crude Protein (CP), neutral Detergent Fiber (NDF), Acid Detergent Fiber (ADF). In vitro gas production was evaluated according to Ankom Technology, considering Tiffon 85 there (Cynodon dactylon) at control, quantified or ammoniacal nitrogen (N-NH3), short-chain fatty acids (SCFA) and pH. The experiment was developed in a completely randomized design in factorial arrangement with three repetitions for the variable chemical composition, and the in vitro digestibility of the date processed through a random complete block design with six repetitions, in the ruminal ambient and production SCFA was analyzed through a completely randomized block design with three repetitions. Results: There were variable responses in the DM content for the effect of interaction P <0.01, and higher mineral content in El Carmen, Ecuador for introduction 13.5, with respect to the rest of the cultivars in both locations. NDF was significantly expressed (p<0.001) in variety 1.2 that grew in Candelaria, Ecuador. For the rest of the variables, no differences were recorded (P>0.05). The gas production of the introductions, except for 1.2, was similar to that produced by the control (Tifton 85), however, in the degradability of the OM, net gas production (Net GP) of DM and OM, stood out. introduction 1.2 compared to the control (P<0.01) and the rest of the introductions. The net GP of NDF exceeded 1.2 (p<0.02) than the control, also quantitatively to produce Acetic and Propionic Fatty Acid. Implications: The introductions of T. diversifolia Helms Gray based on the results obtained preserve macromolar characteristics, gas production and SCVFA production (short chain volatile fatty acids) in contrasting ecosystems such as Valle del Cauca, Colombia and Manabi in Ecuador. Conclusions: The introductions of T. diversifolia Helms Gray, maintain a good protein composition, produce low methane contents, have high performance in the fermentation of organic matter and the cell wall, which suggests its future use as a complement to the ration in conditions in conditions Edaphoclimatic of the province of Manabi.
背景：Tithonia diversifolia Helms (Gray)是一种粗壮的灌木状饲料植物，具有较高的整体生物量产量（茎和叶）；由于基因型之间的遗传变异，易受日光浴和溴化特性、营养价值和瘤胃环境改变的影响。目的评估在两地引种的 T. diversifolia Helms (Gray) 生物质的宏观质量，以及在厄瓜多尔引种的全株生物质的营养价值、产气量和体外瘤胃环境。研究方法：根据干物质（DM）、有机物质（OM）、矿物质成分（MC）、粗蛋白（CP）、中性洗涤纤维（NDF）、酸性洗涤纤维（ADF）考虑全株植物（PITD）的化学成分。根据 Ankom 技术，在对照、定量或氨态氮（N-NH3）、短链脂肪酸（SCFA）和 pH 值条件下，对 Tiffon 85 there（Cynodon dactylon）的体外产气量进行了评估。实验采用完全随机的阶乘设计，对化学成分进行了三次重复，通过六次重复的随机完全区组设计分析了枣的体外消化率，通过三次重复的完全随机区组设计分析了枣在瘤胃中的环境和产生的 SCFA。结果DM含量对交互作用的影响存在不同的反应（P 0.05）。除 1.2 引种外，其他引种的产气量与对照（Tifton 85）相似，但在 OM 降解性、DM 和 OM 的净产气量（Net GP）方面，1.2 引种比对照（P<0.01）和其他引种更突出。NDF 的净 GP 比对照高出 1.2（P<0.02），也定量产生了乙酸和丙酸。影响：根据在哥伦比亚考卡山谷和厄瓜多尔马纳比等对比鲜明的生态系统中获得的结果，引入 T. diversifolia Helms Gray，以保护其宏摩尔特性、气体产生量和 SCVFA（短链挥发性脂肪酸）产生量。结论引种的 T. diversifolia Helms Gray 保持了良好的蛋白质成分，甲烷含量低，在有机物发酵和细胞壁方面表现出色，这表明它将来可用作马纳比省江河气候条件下的口粮补充。
{"title":"NUTRITIONAL VALUE AND IN VITRO DRY MATTER DEGRADABILITY IN MEXICAN SUNFLOWER: Tithonia diversifolia Helms (Gray)","authors":"Ximena Hernández-Arboleda, Sanín Ortiz-Grisales, W. Vivas-Arturo, Yulien Fernández-Romay, Orestes La O-León, Adibe Luiz-Abdalla, S. Pérez-Márquez, José Leonardo Ledea Rodríguez","doi":"10.56369/tsaes.5211","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56369/tsaes.5211","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Tithonia diversifolia Helms (Gray), is a robust shrubby forage plant with high integral biomass yield (stem and leaves); susceptible to heliophany and conditioning of bromatological characteristics, nutritional value, and modification of the rumen environment is due to genetic variability between genotypes. Objective: To evaluate the macromolar quality of the biomass of introductions T. diversifolia Helms (Gray) established in two locations, and the nutritional value, gas production and in vitro rumen environment promoted by the whole plant biomass established in Ecuador. Methodology: The chemical composition of the full plant (PITD) was considered based on Dry Matter (DM), Organic Matter (OM), Mineral composition (MC), Crude Protein (CP), neutral Detergent Fiber (NDF), Acid Detergent Fiber (ADF). In vitro gas production was evaluated according to Ankom Technology, considering Tiffon 85 there (Cynodon dactylon) at control, quantified or ammoniacal nitrogen (N-NH3), short-chain fatty acids (SCFA) and pH. The experiment was developed in a completely randomized design in factorial arrangement with three repetitions for the variable chemical composition, and the in vitro digestibility of the date processed through a random complete block design with six repetitions, in the ruminal ambient and production SCFA was analyzed through a completely randomized block design with three repetitions. Results: There were variable responses in the DM content for the effect of interaction P <0.01, and higher mineral content in El Carmen, Ecuador for introduction 13.5, with respect to the rest of the cultivars in both locations. NDF was significantly expressed (p<0.001) in variety 1.2 that grew in Candelaria, Ecuador. For the rest of the variables, no differences were recorded (P>0.05). The gas production of the introductions, except for 1.2, was similar to that produced by the control (Tifton 85), however, in the degradability of the OM, net gas production (Net GP) of DM and OM, stood out. introduction 1.2 compared to the control (P<0.01) and the rest of the introductions. The net GP of NDF exceeded 1.2 (p<0.02) than the control, also quantitatively to produce Acetic and Propionic Fatty Acid. Implications: The introductions of T. diversifolia Helms Gray based on the results obtained preserve macromolar characteristics, gas production and SCVFA production (short chain volatile fatty acids) in contrasting ecosystems such as Valle del Cauca, Colombia and Manabi in Ecuador. Conclusions: The introductions of T. diversifolia Helms Gray, maintain a good protein composition, produce low methane contents, have high performance in the fermentation of organic matter and the cell wall, which suggests its future use as a complement to the ration in conditions in conditions Edaphoclimatic of the province of Manabi.","PeriodicalId":23259,"journal":{"name":"Tropical and Subtropical Agroecosystems","volume":" 38","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141832723","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Azmera Walche, W. Haile, Alemayehu Kiflu, Dereje Tsegaye
Background. Salt-affected soils cause a significant portion of land to become unproductive yearly; its impact is severe in sub-Saharan African nations, especially the arid and semiarid lowlands, and the Rift Valley regions of Ethiopia are typically host to naturally salt-affected areas. Objective. To analyze the micronutrient content and map the micronutrient fertility status of agricultural salt-affected soils around Abaya and Chamo Lakes South Ethiopia Rift Valley. Methodology. A systematic sampling technique was employed to obtain 300 soil samples for the investigation from two depths (0-20 and 20-40cm), with a 600m sampling interval, of which 30 were used. The research data was analyzed using the application of standardized analytical procedures for soil data and descriptive and geostatistical techniques. Results. According to the study, there is low zinc available in the soil but an ample amount of iron, manganese, and copper. In addition, the study's findings revealed that, whereas the remaining micronutrient regional variability is found at long distances, available iron exhibited a regional variation in soil quality at small distances. Implications. The study suggests applying organic matter for better soil structure, water retention, and nutrient availability.Moreover, the results recommend that soils affected by salt might recover using various materials. Conclusions. In the study areas, zinc fertilizer may still be needed for an optimal yield even though the research area has low amounts of zinc fertilizer. The study concluded with management recommendations to minimize the adverse effects of very high micronutrient content on human health and plant growth.
{"title":"SOIL MICRONUTRIENT CONTENT ANALYSIS AND MAPPING OF AGRICULTURAL SALT-AFFECTED SOILS AROUND ABAYA AND CHAMO LAKES, SOUTH ETHIOPIA RIFT VALLEY","authors":"Azmera Walche, W. Haile, Alemayehu Kiflu, Dereje Tsegaye","doi":"10.56369/tsaes.5424","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56369/tsaes.5424","url":null,"abstract":"Background. Salt-affected soils cause a significant portion of land to become unproductive yearly; its impact is severe in sub-Saharan African nations, especially the arid and semiarid lowlands, and the Rift Valley regions of Ethiopia are typically host to naturally salt-affected areas. Objective. To analyze the micronutrient content and map the micronutrient fertility status of agricultural salt-affected soils around Abaya and Chamo Lakes South Ethiopia Rift Valley. Methodology. A systematic sampling technique was employed to obtain 300 soil samples for the investigation from two depths (0-20 and 20-40cm), with a 600m sampling interval, of which 30 were used. The research data was analyzed using the application of standardized analytical procedures for soil data and descriptive and geostatistical techniques. Results. According to the study, there is low zinc available in the soil but an ample amount of iron, manganese, and copper. In addition, the study's findings revealed that, whereas the remaining micronutrient regional variability is found at long distances, available iron exhibited a regional variation in soil quality at small distances. Implications. The study suggests applying organic matter for better soil structure, water retention, and nutrient availability.Moreover, the results recommend that soils affected by salt might recover using various materials. Conclusions. In the study areas, zinc fertilizer may still be needed for an optimal yield even though the research area has low amounts of zinc fertilizer. The study concluded with management recommendations to minimize the adverse effects of very high micronutrient content on human health and plant growth.","PeriodicalId":23259,"journal":{"name":"Tropical and Subtropical Agroecosystems","volume":" 16","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141833149","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
J. M. Navarro, Alberto Alva Arévalo, A. Lozano, Celso Misael Alva-Arévalo, Patricia García-Gonzales, Nery Gaona-Jimenez, Juan R. Baselly-Villanueva, Jorge Saavedra-Ramírez, Geomar Vallejos-Torres
Background. The latex yield in Hevea brasiliensis trees is highly variable; Therefore, it is important to propagate commercial clones of this species by grafting in order to standardize or improve latex yields and therefore improve the economic income of producers in this part of the Amazon region. Objective. To evaluate the attachment and development of rubber clones propagated by grafting in the Peruvian jungle. Methodology. Nine-month-old patterns installed in the field were used. These were grafted with budding rods from the commercial clones TR-1, FX-3864, RRIM-600, IAN-873 and MDF-180. A completely randomized block design was used with five treatments and three blocks with 15 experimental units; each containing 30 repetitions. The data obtained were subjected to analysis of variance and Tukey's multiple range test (p<0.05) and the Kruskal Wallis test. Results. The best results in attachment and number of shoots were obtained in grafts with clone MDF-180 with values of 73.33 % and 7.83 shoots respectively; Regarding days to the appearance of the shoot and length, clone TR-1 presented it with 36.63 days and 27.47 cm; The largest leaf area was presented by the graft with clone IAN-873 with 55.46 cm2, while the highest chlorophyll content was obtained in grafts with clone RRIM-600 with 47.18 SPAD. Implications. More studies are required to establish the quality and adaptability of rubber clones propagated by grafting in different site conditions and establish patterns of tree productivity in a short time; Likewise, it is desired to evaluate the quality and quantity of latex produced by these clones. Conclusions. These results indicate the feasibility of propagating Hevea brasiliensis through shoot grafting in the field, which opens great possibilities for propagating rubber trees with better commercial characteristics, particularly with greater latex production.
{"title":"EVALUACIÓN DEL PRENDIMIENTO Y DESARROLLO DE CLONES DE CAUCHO (Hevea brasiliensis) PROPAGADOS POR INJERTO EN LA SELVA PERUANA","authors":"J. M. Navarro, Alberto Alva Arévalo, A. Lozano, Celso Misael Alva-Arévalo, Patricia García-Gonzales, Nery Gaona-Jimenez, Juan R. Baselly-Villanueva, Jorge Saavedra-Ramírez, Geomar Vallejos-Torres","doi":"10.56369/tsaes.5356","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56369/tsaes.5356","url":null,"abstract":"Background. The latex yield in Hevea brasiliensis trees is highly variable; Therefore, it is important to propagate commercial clones of this species by grafting in order to standardize or improve latex yields and therefore improve the economic income of producers in this part of the Amazon region. Objective. To evaluate the attachment and development of rubber clones propagated by grafting in the Peruvian jungle. Methodology. Nine-month-old patterns installed in the field were used. These were grafted with budding rods from the commercial clones TR-1, FX-3864, RRIM-600, IAN-873 and MDF-180. A completely randomized block design was used with five treatments and three blocks with 15 experimental units; each containing 30 repetitions. The data obtained were subjected to analysis of variance and Tukey's multiple range test (p<0.05) and the Kruskal Wallis test. Results. The best results in attachment and number of shoots were obtained in grafts with clone MDF-180 with values of 73.33 % and 7.83 shoots respectively; Regarding days to the appearance of the shoot and length, clone TR-1 presented it with 36.63 days and 27.47 cm; The largest leaf area was presented by the graft with clone IAN-873 with 55.46 cm2, while the highest chlorophyll content was obtained in grafts with clone RRIM-600 with 47.18 SPAD. Implications. More studies are required to establish the quality and adaptability of rubber clones propagated by grafting in different site conditions and establish patterns of tree productivity in a short time; Likewise, it is desired to evaluate the quality and quantity of latex produced by these clones. Conclusions. These results indicate the feasibility of propagating Hevea brasiliensis through shoot grafting in the field, which opens great possibilities for propagating rubber trees with better commercial characteristics, particularly with greater latex production.","PeriodicalId":23259,"journal":{"name":"Tropical and Subtropical Agroecosystems","volume":" 40","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141832897","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Hans Dadther-Huaman, Tabita Abigail Gambini-de la Cruz, Bilijin Coaquira-Mendoza, Diana Garay-Duran, J. Parco-Quinchori, René Quispe-Castro, Leandro Aybar-Peve, S. Contreras-Liza, Victor Casa-Coila
Background: Pallar (Phaseolus lunatus) is a grain legume of great socioeconomic importance in Peru, which has been domesticated in the past by pre-Hispanic cultures. Objective: Carry out the agromorphological characterization of 36 accessions from the Pallar National Collection of the Germplasm Bank of the National Institute of Agrarian Innovation (Peru). Methodology: 16 qualitative characters and 10 quantitative characters were compared using descriptive analysis, ANOVA and Scott Knott test, correlation, principal components and hierarchical grouping. Results: There was a positive correlation between the length of the main stem and the average number of mature pods per plant, average number of seeds per plant, average weight of seeds per plant and average weight of seeds; Likewise, a negative correlation was found between the number of locules per mature pod and the length and average weight of the seeds. Implications: The agromorphological characterization of the pallar is necessary for the conservation of genetic resources originating in Peru. Conclusions: Phenotypic variability was found among the Pallar accessions; Thus, the existence of three groups was established among the accessions in relation to quantitative characters, highlighting the high values of average number of seeds per plant, seed thickness, number of locules per mature pod, length of the main stem and average number of seeds. mature pods per plant. The promising accession was 14ac with respect to the highest average number of mature pods, average number of seeds and average weight of seeds per plant.
{"title":"CARACTERIZACIÓN AGROMORFOLÓGICA Y DIVERSIDAD FENOTÍPICA DE LA COLECCIÓN DE GERMOPLASMA DE PALLAR (Phaseolus lunatus L.) DEL INIA, PERÚ","authors":"Hans Dadther-Huaman, Tabita Abigail Gambini-de la Cruz, Bilijin Coaquira-Mendoza, Diana Garay-Duran, J. Parco-Quinchori, René Quispe-Castro, Leandro Aybar-Peve, S. Contreras-Liza, Victor Casa-Coila","doi":"10.56369/tsaes.5490","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56369/tsaes.5490","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Pallar (Phaseolus lunatus) is a grain legume of great socioeconomic importance in Peru, which has been domesticated in the past by pre-Hispanic cultures. Objective: Carry out the agromorphological characterization of 36 accessions from the Pallar National Collection of the Germplasm Bank of the National Institute of Agrarian Innovation (Peru). Methodology: 16 qualitative characters and 10 quantitative characters were compared using descriptive analysis, ANOVA and Scott Knott test, correlation, principal components and hierarchical grouping. Results: There was a positive correlation between the length of the main stem and the average number of mature pods per plant, average number of seeds per plant, average weight of seeds per plant and average weight of seeds; Likewise, a negative correlation was found between the number of locules per mature pod and the length and average weight of the seeds. Implications: The agromorphological characterization of the pallar is necessary for the conservation of genetic resources originating in Peru. Conclusions: Phenotypic variability was found among the Pallar accessions; Thus, the existence of three groups was established among the accessions in relation to quantitative characters, highlighting the high values of average number of seeds per plant, seed thickness, number of locules per mature pod, length of the main stem and average number of seeds. mature pods per plant. The promising accession was 14ac with respect to the highest average number of mature pods, average number of seeds and average weight of seeds per plant.","PeriodicalId":23259,"journal":{"name":"Tropical and Subtropical Agroecosystems","volume":" 48","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141832806","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
J. Hernández-Ruíz, A. Mireles-Arriaga, J. E. Ruiz-Nieto
Background: Heliopsis longipes is an endemic plant with chemical properties and medicinal use, making it a species of biological, economic, and cultural importance. Objective: To determine the habitat suitability of H. longipes and the domestication stage of the cultivation. Methodology: The presence probability was estimated using the maximum entropy algorithm (MaxEnt), with twenty-three bioclimatic variables as predictors from presence records. For the domestication process, 79 surveys focused on the knowledge of reproductive biology, production, and management of the species were conducted. Results: The habitat suitability is determined by three variables: precipitation seasonality (51%), soil type (26%), and isothermality (22%). Considering the domestication stages, 81% of farmers are in stage five, where the species is cultivated and harvested using traditional practices, and 11% are in stage four, where general features of the reproductive biology are known. Implications: The importance of climatic and edaphic factors in the species distribution and the cultivation's domestication stage are highlighted. This provides a foundation for conservation strategy design. Conclusions: The contribution of specific variables to habitat suitability underscores the importance of climatic and edaphic factors in the species distribution. Three groups of farmers with different knowledge and cultivation practices were identified, placing them in two different stages of the species domestication process.
{"title":"IDONEIDAD DEL HÁBITAT Y ETAPAS DE DOMESTICACIÓN DE Heliopsis longipes (ASTERACEAE: HELIANTHEAE)","authors":"J. Hernández-Ruíz, A. Mireles-Arriaga, J. E. Ruiz-Nieto","doi":"10.56369/tsaes.5254","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56369/tsaes.5254","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Heliopsis longipes is an endemic plant with chemical properties and medicinal use, making it a species of biological, economic, and cultural importance. Objective: To determine the habitat suitability of H. longipes and the domestication stage of the cultivation. Methodology: The presence probability was estimated using the maximum entropy algorithm (MaxEnt), with twenty-three bioclimatic variables as predictors from presence records. For the domestication process, 79 surveys focused on the knowledge of reproductive biology, production, and management of the species were conducted. Results: The habitat suitability is determined by three variables: precipitation seasonality (51%), soil type (26%), and isothermality (22%). Considering the domestication stages, 81% of farmers are in stage five, where the species is cultivated and harvested using traditional practices, and 11% are in stage four, where general features of the reproductive biology are known. Implications: The importance of climatic and edaphic factors in the species distribution and the cultivation's domestication stage are highlighted. This provides a foundation for conservation strategy design. Conclusions: The contribution of specific variables to habitat suitability underscores the importance of climatic and edaphic factors in the species distribution. Three groups of farmers with different knowledge and cultivation practices were identified, placing them in two different stages of the species domestication process. ","PeriodicalId":23259,"journal":{"name":"Tropical and Subtropical Agroecosystems","volume":" 27","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141832677","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abraham Monteón-Ojeda, E. Hernández-Castro, T. Romero-Rosales, B. Piedragil-Ocampo, Martha Olivia Lázaro-Dzul, Ausencio Azuara-Domínguez
Background: Mexico is the third producer and the first exporter of papaya in the world. The crop has multiple phytosanitary limitations, among which anthracnose stands out, which can cause substantial production losses. The main management method is with chemical synthesis fungicides. Objective: To evaluate treatments with biorational characteristics to control anthracnose in papaya crops in pre- and post-harvest. Methodology: The causal agent of anthracnose was isolated and identified, the growth inhibitory effect ofC. gloeosporioideswas evaluated in vitro with extracts of Datura stramonium, Argemone mexicana, Citrus sinensis essential oil and Eucalyptus globulus essential oil; In addition, biorational treatments were applied pre- and post-harvest (botanical extracts, essential oils and Trichoderma harzianum); The incidence and severity were evaluated and the percentage of efficacy was calculated. A randomized complete block design was used and analysis of variances and comparisons of means were performed (Tukey, P ≤ 0.05). Results: The E. globulus oil extract reached the highest in vitro growth inhibition levels, followed by the C. sinensis essential oil and the A. mexicana extract; In the field phase, T. harzianum reached 80.7% efficacy and 8% incidence, the essential oil of E. globulus and the essential oil of C. sinensis reached 73 and 66% efficacy, respectively. The effect of the treatments applied in pre-harvest demonstrated that successive applications of T. harzianum reduced severity by 81% and incidence on papaya fruits by 30%, the essential oil of E. globulus and that of C. sinensis achieved efficacy of 64 and 68%, in their order. Finally, in the storage phase, T. harzianum achieved a control efficiency of 89%, C. sinensis oil 84% and 85% for the essential oil of E. globulus, A. mexicana managed to inhibit 76.46%. Implications: Comparison of other biorational management treatments such as the use of essential elements (silicon, sulfur, etc.), nanotechnology, UV irradiation and resistance inducers is suggested. Conclusion: These results support that a successful and biorational control of anthracnose in papaya must be based on comprehensive management that considered the preharvest and storage phases.
{"title":"EVALUACIÓN DE ESTRATEGIAS DE MANEJO ECOLÓGICO DE ANTRACNOSIS DE LA PAPAYA EN CAMPO Y POSCOSECHA","authors":"Abraham Monteón-Ojeda, E. Hernández-Castro, T. Romero-Rosales, B. Piedragil-Ocampo, Martha Olivia Lázaro-Dzul, Ausencio Azuara-Domínguez","doi":"10.56369/tsaes.5168","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56369/tsaes.5168","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background:</strong> Mexico is the third producer and the first exporter of papaya in the world. The crop has multiple phytosanitary limitations, among which anthracnose stands out, which can cause substantial production losses. The main management method is with chemical synthesis fungicides. <strong>Objective:</strong> To evaluate treatments with biorational characteristics to control anthracnose in papaya crops in pre- and post-harvest. <strong>Methodology:</strong> The causal agent of anthracnose was isolated and identified, the growth inhibitory effect of<em> </em><em>C. gloeosporioides</em><em> </em>was evaluated <em>in vitro</em> with extracts of <em>Datura stramonium</em>, <em>Argemone mexicana</em>, <em>Citrus sinensis</em> essential oil and <em>Eucalyptus globulus</em> essential oil; In addition, biorational treatments were applied pre- and post-harvest (botanical extracts, essential oils and <em>Trichoderma harzianum</em>); The incidence and severity were evaluated and the percentage of efficacy was calculated. A randomized complete block design was used and analysis of variances and comparisons of means were performed (Tukey, P ≤ 0.05). <strong>Results:</strong> The <em>E. globulus</em> oil extract reached the highest in vitro growth inhibition levels, followed by the <em>C. sinensis</em> essential oil and the <em>A.</em><em> mexicana</em> extract; In the field phase, <em>T. harzianum</em> reached 80.7% efficacy and 8% incidence, the essential oil of <em>E. globulus</em> and the essential oil of <em>C. sinensis</em> reached 73 and 66% efficacy, respectively. The effect of the treatments applied in pre-harvest demonstrated that successive applications of <em>T. harzianum</em> reduced severity by 81% and incidence on papaya fruits by 30%, the essential oil of <em>E. globulus</em> and that of <em>C. sinensis</em> achieved efficacy of 64 and 68%, in their order. Finally, in the storage phase, <em>T. harzianum</em> achieved a control efficiency of 89%, <em>C. sinensis</em> oil 84% and 85% for the essential oil of <em>E. globulus</em>, <em>A. mexicana</em> managed to inhibit 76.46%. <strong>Implications:</strong> Comparison of other biorational management treatments such as the use of essential elements (silicon, sulfur, etc.), nanotechnology, UV irradiation and resistance inducers is suggested. <strong>Conclusion:</strong> These results support that a successful and biorational control of anthracnose in papaya must be based on comprehensive management that considered the preharvest and storage phases.</p>","PeriodicalId":23259,"journal":{"name":"Tropical and Subtropical Agroecosystems","volume":" 23","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141833029","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background: Bangladesh has a rich heritage of livestock rearing. The management and breeding practices differ across the country. Objectives: To study the present scenario of breeding and management practices of livestock at northern Teesta river basin based Lalmonirhat district in Bangladesh. Methodology: Total 100 farmers were selected using random sampling technique from 5 upazilas of Lalmonirhat district during July to December, 2022. Data were analyzed using SPSS 23.0 statistical package. Results: Results showed that most of the farmers (65%) at the northern part of Bangladesh were middle-aged, 41% of them completed secondary education, and their occupation was mainly agriculture (55%). About 37.78% of respondents supplied roadside grass as roughage to their livestock. Maximum number of respondents (60.24%) supplied hand mixed feed as a source of concentrate whereas 39.76% of respondents used commercial feed. 96% of farmers practiced artificial insemination to inseminate their cows and heifers while in goat nearly all respondent farmers (98.41%) practiced natural mating. Among the breeding companies, 41.41% farmers preferred semen from the Bangladesh Rural Advancement Committee (BRAC), followed by Advanced Chemical Industries (ACI) (30.30%), Government (Department of Livestock Services (DLS) (22.22%), and others (6.07%). About 41.76% respondents used 50% Sahiwal - 50% local genotype bull to breed the cows whereas 23.08% respondents used 100% Sahiwal, 18.68% used 75% Holstein Friesian-25% local, 5.49% used 100% Holstein Friesian, 3.30% used 50% Holstein Friesian-50% Local and only 3.30% used 87.5% Holstein Friesian-12.5% Local genotype bull semen, respectively. On the other hand, most of the farmers (98.41%) chosen Black Bengal breeding buck during breeding and remaining used crossbred (Black Bengal Goat- Jamunapari) to breed their does. The actual price of bull semen from Govt. (DLS) was 30 Bangladeshi Taka (BDT) on average for all the breeds whereas, the price ranged 110-200 BDT depending on cattle breeds and bull/bucks Identification (ID) in different private enterprises. Farmers had to pay on an average 181.18 BDT for DLS originated semen in addition to that BRAC Artificial Insemination (AI) workers took an average of 425.61 BDT from farmers to inseminate their cows. The average milk yield/d was 1.82±0.14, 3.35±0.40, and 2.74±0.27 liters for local, HF crossbred and Sahiwal crossbred respectively in that region. The prevalence of repeat breeding incidences was 13.74%, 14.21%, and 15.17%, for Local, Sahiwal crossbred, and Holstein Friesian crossbred genotypes respectively. The highest incidence of disease was found as Lumpy Skin Disease (14.67%) followed by Foot and Mouth Disease (FMD) (11.98%) and other parasitic and metabolic diseases. In the study area, it was found that maximum number of the respondents (95%) faced excessive feed price problem along with some other problems. Implications: Government intervention is necessary to improve
{"title":"PRESENT SCENARIO OF LIVESTOCK BREEDING AND MANAGEMENT PRACTICES IN THE NORTHERN PART OF BANGLADESH","authors":"M. A. Habib, M. Mahbubul, M. Y. Ali, A. Apu","doi":"10.56369/tsaes.5243","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56369/tsaes.5243","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Bangladesh has a rich heritage of livestock rearing. The management and breeding practices differ across the country. Objectives: To study the present scenario of breeding and management practices of livestock at northern Teesta river basin based Lalmonirhat district in Bangladesh. Methodology: Total 100 farmers were selected using random sampling technique from 5 upazilas of Lalmonirhat district during July to December, 2022. Data were analyzed using SPSS 23.0 statistical package. Results: Results showed that most of the farmers (65%) at the northern part of Bangladesh were middle-aged, 41% of them completed secondary education, and their occupation was mainly agriculture (55%). About 37.78% of respondents supplied roadside grass as roughage to their livestock. Maximum number of respondents (60.24%) supplied hand mixed feed as a source of concentrate whereas 39.76% of respondents used commercial feed. 96% of farmers practiced artificial insemination to inseminate their cows and heifers while in goat nearly all respondent farmers (98.41%) practiced natural mating. Among the breeding companies, 41.41% farmers preferred semen from the Bangladesh Rural Advancement Committee (BRAC), followed by Advanced Chemical Industries (ACI) (30.30%), Government (Department of Livestock Services (DLS) (22.22%), and others (6.07%). About 41.76% respondents used 50% Sahiwal - 50% local genotype bull to breed the cows whereas 23.08% respondents used 100% Sahiwal, 18.68% used 75% Holstein Friesian-25% local, 5.49% used 100% Holstein Friesian, 3.30% used 50% Holstein Friesian-50% Local and only 3.30% used 87.5% Holstein Friesian-12.5% Local genotype bull semen, respectively. On the other hand, most of the farmers (98.41%) chosen Black Bengal breeding buck during breeding and remaining used crossbred (Black Bengal Goat- Jamunapari) to breed their does. The actual price of bull semen from Govt. (DLS) was 30 Bangladeshi Taka (BDT) on average for all the breeds whereas, the price ranged 110-200 BDT depending on cattle breeds and bull/bucks Identification (ID) in different private enterprises. Farmers had to pay on an average 181.18 BDT for DLS originated semen in addition to that BRAC Artificial Insemination (AI) workers took an average of 425.61 BDT from farmers to inseminate their cows. The average milk yield/d was 1.82±0.14, 3.35±0.40, and 2.74±0.27 liters for local, HF crossbred and Sahiwal crossbred respectively in that region. The prevalence of repeat breeding incidences was 13.74%, 14.21%, and 15.17%, for Local, Sahiwal crossbred, and Holstein Friesian crossbred genotypes respectively. The highest incidence of disease was found as Lumpy Skin Disease (14.67%) followed by Foot and Mouth Disease (FMD) (11.98%) and other parasitic and metabolic diseases. In the study area, it was found that maximum number of the respondents (95%) faced excessive feed price problem along with some other problems. Implications: Government intervention is necessary to improve ","PeriodicalId":23259,"journal":{"name":"Tropical and Subtropical Agroecosystems","volume":" 40","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141832955","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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