Clinical Efficacy and Mechanism of Action of Recently FDA Approved Anticancer Drugs: An Updated Review

Since the beginning of the 21st century, there have been significant advancements in the field of cancer treatment, resulting in markedly improved outcomes for patients. This review provides an updated view of some recently developed and FDA-approved small molecules that have been used to treat various types of cancer on different indications and targets. Some popular search engines, such as Pubmed, Google Scholar, etc., were considered for the literature review, and drugs approved by the FDA from 2019 to 2023 were considered for study in this review. This review focuses on the mechanism of actions and targets via which these FDA-approved small molecules could demonstrate their clinical efficacy. Moreover, this review would pave the way for the scientific community to look into the chemical structures of these small molecules to discover more small synthetic compounds after modification based on structural activity that might be useful in treating various types of cancer. However, much attention is being paid to how new therapies and tools will change how cancer is treated in the coming years. This review indicated the increased rate of approvals by the FDA for oncology treatment during 2019-2023. This surge is primarily driven by the approval of targeted therapies and the introduction of novel therapeutic approaches.