中右翼与极右翼之间的模糊界限:"反向污染 "与西班牙人民党的环保主义

C. Ungureanu, Marc Sanjaume‐Calvet
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摘要

最近,学者们关注欧洲极右翼右翼政党的生态民族主义 "转向 "及其对实质性环境议程的阻碍。然而,我们认为,必须扩大对极右翼生态民族主义的分析范围,将某些成熟且有影响力的欧洲中右翼政党也包括在内。通过对西班牙中右翼人民党(PP)这一单一案例的研究,我们认为,在西班牙极右翼政党 Vox 出现之前,该党就已经表达了极右翼生态民族主义典型的摩尼教式、否定主义、反精英主义和阴谋论等话语元素。实际上,从 2019 年开始,Vox 就采用并发展了一种生态民族主义叙事,这种叙事首先是由前首相何塞-玛丽亚-阿斯纳尔在 "中央 "提出的,如今在人民党领导层仍有影响力,即把生态视为 "新共产主义",把(全球)进步精英和 "共识 "视为对自由的西班牙民族和全球 "自由 "的威胁。
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The blurred lines between center-right and far-right: “Reverse contamination” and the People’s Party’s environmentalism in Spain
Scholars have recently focused on the eco-nationalist “turn” of the far-right right parties in Europe and their obstruction of a substantive environmental agenda. However, we argue that the analysis of the far-right eco-nationalism must be broadened to include certain established and impactful centre-right European parties. By focusing on the single case-study of the centre-right People’s Party (PP) in Spain, we argue that it has articulated Manichean, negationist, anti-elitist, and conspirative discursive elements typical of the far-right eco-nationalism before the emergence of Vox, the Spanish far-right party. In actuality, starting with 2019, Vox adopted and developed an eco-nationalist narrative advanced first at the “centre” by the ex-Prime Minister José María Aznar and still influential today at the level of PP’s leadership, namely a narrative framing ecology as “the new communism” and the (global) progressive elites and “consensus” as threatening the free Spanish nation and “freedom” worldwide.
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