接触前社会岛酋长领地的猪和狗使用情况:人种史、考古和使用网综合分析

IF 1.1 3区 历史学 Q2 ANTHROPOLOGY Archaeology in Oceania Pub Date : 2024-04-04 DOI:10.1002/arco.5314
Jennifer G. Kahn
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引用次数: 0

摘要

猪和狗是波利尼西亚人接触前非常珍贵的动物。在本文中,我重点介绍了在与人类接触前的社会岛酋长领地中资源丰富、等级复杂的猪和狗的使用情况。利用人种史学数据和以人为中心的使用网数据,我初步研究了在接触前的马奥希生活中,猪和狗在 13 个使用类别中的不同使用方式。人种史分析表明,猪(在一定程度上狗)与精英祭祀活动密切相关,但猪通常与战争和生育仪式相关,而狗通常与维和活动相关。对八个出土考古遗址中猪和狗出土频率的初步比较表明,猪骨的数量远远多于狗骨。从遗址功能和遗址地位的角度来看,猪骨和狗骨的出土情况也不尽相同,在中央化阶段的高级寺庙中,猪骨和狗骨的出土率最高。鉴于猪这种动物与祭祀活动、首领权力的道德观念和宇宙观密切相关,"奥罗战争崇拜 "的出现极有可能导致猪饲养业的加强。为什么狗的饲养在社会群岛没有得到加强,以及为什么这种动物可能主要是通过远距离贸易关系获得,这是一个一直存在的问题。
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Pig and dog use in the pre-contact Society Island Chiefdoms: integrated ethnohistoric, archaeological and use-web analyses

Pig and dog were highly valued animals in pre-contact Polynesia. In this paper, I focus on pig and dog use in the resource rich, and hierarchically complex, pre-contact Society Island chiefdoms. Utilizing ethnohistoric data and human-centred use-webs data, I provide a preliminary study of the diverse ways that pigs and dogs were used in pre-contact Mā‘ohi life across 13 use categories. Ethnohistoric analyses indicate that pigs, and to some extent dogs, were intimately associated with elite ceremonial use, yet pigs were commonly associated with war and fertility rituals, while dogs were commonly associated with peacekeeping events. Preliminary comparison of pig and dog frequencies at eight excavated archaeological sites suggests pig bones far outnumber dog bones. There is also differential recovery of pig and dog bone in terms of site function and site status, with high status temples dating to the Centralization Phase having the highest incidence of both species. It is highly likely that the advent of the ‘Oro war cult led to intensified pig husbandry, given this animal's robust associations with ritual use, moral notions of chiefly power and cosmology. Why dog husbandry was less intensified in the Society Islands, and why this animal was perhaps accessed largely through long-distance trade relationships, is an ongoing question.

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来源期刊
CiteScore
1.80
自引率
0.00%
发文量
24
期刊介绍: Archaeology in Oceania is published online and in print versions three times a year: April, July, October. It accepts articles and research reports in prehistoric and historical archaeology, modern material culture and human biology of ancient and modern human populations. Its primary geographic focus is Australia, the islands of the Pacific Ocean and lands of the western Pacific rim. All articles and research reports accepted as being within the remit of the journal and of appropriate standard will be reviewed by two scholars; authors will be informed of these comments though not necessarily of the reviewer’s names.
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