Single-session catheter-directed lysis using adjunctive clot fragmentation with power pulse spray only is a fast, safe, and effective option for acute pulmonary embolism

Objective

Single-session, catheter-directed thrombolysis (CDT) with adjunctive power pulse spray (PPS) only, without thrombectomy, was evaluated for its safety and effectiveness. We performed a single-center, retrospective analysis of prospectively collected data.

Methods

Patients with high-risk or intermediate-risk pulmonary embolism (PE) who met the inclusion criteria and underwent a single session of CDT-PPS were included in the study. The primary outcomes assessed were technical and clinical success and major adverse events. Secondary outcomes included effectiveness based on pre- and postintervention clinical examination, radiographic findings, and reversal of right ventricular dysfunction at 48 hours and 4 weeks after discharge on echocardiography and computed tomography pulmonary angiography. The length of stay in the intensive care unit and overall admission were also analyzed. A return to premorbid exercise tolerance was evaluated at 12 months after the procedure.

Results

Between May 2016 and January 2023, 104 patients at the Wollongong Hospital were diagnosed with high- or intermediate-risk PE and underwent CDT-PPS. Of the 104 patients, 49 (47%) were considered to have high-risk PE and 55 (53%) intermediate-risk PE. Eleven patients (11%) had absolute contraindications and 49 patients (47%) had relative contraindications to systemic thrombolysis. Technical success was achieved in 102 patients (98%). Survival was 99% at 48 hours, 96% at 4 weeks, and 91% at 12 months. At 4 weeks, echocardiography showed 98% of patients had no evidence of right heart dysfunction, and computed tomography pulmonary angiography showed complete resolution of PE in 72%. There were no major adverse events at 48 hours. The median intensive care unit length of stay was 1 day, and the overall length of stay was 6 days. At 12 months, 96% had returned to their premorbid status.

Conclusions

The CDT-PPS technique is fast, safe, and effective in the treatment of high- and intermediate-risk PE, even in patients with a high bleeding risk, and should be considered as first-line management when the skills and resources are available. Further multicenter prospective studies are needed to corroborate these results.