Multiple age control of young nebkhas in the Mu Us dune field, north-central China

Nebkhas, a unique type of biogeomorphological aeolian landforms formed by sand accumulation around plants, are widely distributed in arid and semi-arid regions globally. Previous studies have highlighted the potential of nebkha sediments as valuable archives for understanding past climate and environmental changes. However, establishing a reliable chronological framework for nebkha sediments has posed challenges due to the lack of suitable dating methods. In this study, we applied both the quartz OSL and K-feldspar pIRIR₁₅₀ protocols to date nebkha sediments from three different sites within the Mu Us dune field in north-central China. Internal checks indicate that the quartz OSL protocol is suitable for equivalent dose measurements, though age determinations for some quartz samples with weak luminescence signals may be subject to uncertainties. K-feldspar exhibits brighter signal intensity and a higher signal-to-noise ratio, making K-feldspar pIRIR₁₅₀ ages reliable, particularly when residual doses are low, luminescence signals are stable, and dose recovery ratios are satisfactory. The results indicate that the luminescence ages derived from both the quartz OSL and K-feldspar pIRIR₁₅₀ protocols are comparable, and these ages align with stratigraphic sequences and independent ¹³⁷Cs dating results. Based on the established chronologies, our findings suggest that some large nebkhas in the southwestern Mu Us dune field likely originated 100–200 years ago, possibly in response to either climate-driven or human-induced aridification in this region.