Tryntsje Cuperus , Ben Wit , Greetje Castelijn , Paul Hengeveld , Marieke Opsteegh , Joke van der Giessen , Céline Harmanus , Joffrey van Prehn , Ed J. Kuijper , Wiep Klaas Smits
{"title":"荷兰奶牛场犊牛、牛和人体内的艰难梭菌：牛的 PCR 核型 695（支系 5，序列类型 11）占优势","authors":"Tryntsje Cuperus , Ben Wit , Greetje Castelijn , Paul Hengeveld , Marieke Opsteegh , Joke van der Giessen , Céline Harmanus , Joffrey van Prehn , Ed J. Kuijper , Wiep Klaas Smits","doi":"10.1016/j.onehlt.2024.100739","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p><em>Clostridioides difficile</em> is a leading cause of infectious diarrhea in both humans and livestock. In particular, <em>C. difficile</em> strains belonging to sequence type (ST) 11 are common enteropathogens. The aim of this study was to determine the presence and genetic relatedness of <em>C. difficile</em> types in dairy cattle and calves.</p></div><div><h3>Method</h3><p>Dutch dairy farms were visited between February and December 2021. Feces was collected from adult dairy cattle and calves of two age categories (<4 weeks and 4 weeks-4 months). Fecal samples were also requested from dairy farmers, family members and employees. Fecal samples were cultured in an enrichment medium for 10–15 days and subcultured on solid media for capillary PCR ribotyping and whole genome sequencing.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p><em>C. difficile</em> was detected on 31 out of 157 (19.8%) dairy farms. The highest prevalence was found in calves <4 weeks (17.5%). None of the 99 human samples collected were positive. Thirty-seven cultured isolates belonged to 11 different PCR ribotypes (RT) of which RT695 (56.8%) and RT078/126 (16.2%) were most abundant. In the database of the Netherlands National Expertise Centre for <em>C. difficile</em> infections (CDI, >10.000 patient isolates), RT695 was found in only two patients with hospital-onset CDI, diagnosed in 2020 and 2021. Sequence analysis of 21<em>C. difficile</em> RT695 from cattle revealed that all isolates belonged to clade 5, ST11 and contained genes encoding toxin A, toxin B and binary toxin. RT695 strains carried antimicrobial resistance genes typically found in clade 5<em>C. difficile</em>. Groups of genetically related RT695 isolates were found between dairy farms, whereas identical strains were only present in individual farms.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p><em>C. difficile</em> was found in ∼20% of dairy farms with a predominance of the relatively unknown RT695. Isolates of RT695 belonged to the same clade and sequence type as RT078/126, which is recognized as an important zoonotic type.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":19577,"journal":{"name":"One Health","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.1000,"publicationDate":"2024-04-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S235277142400065X/pdfft?md5=2f208a6efb2212f2dfe27caa03de309c&pid=1-s2.0-S235277142400065X-main.pdf","citationCount":"0","resultStr":"{\"title\":\"Clostridioides difficile in calves, cattle and humans from Dutch dairy farms: Predominance of PCR ribotype 695 (clade 5, sequence type 11) in cattle\",\"authors\":\"Tryntsje Cuperus , Ben Wit , Greetje Castelijn , Paul Hengeveld , Marieke Opsteegh , Joke van der Giessen , Céline Harmanus , Joffrey van Prehn , Ed J. Kuijper , Wiep Klaas Smits\",\"doi\":\"10.1016/j.onehlt.2024.100739\",\"DOIUrl\":null,\"url\":null,\"abstract\":\"<div><h3>Background</h3><p><em>Clostridioides difficile</em> is a leading cause of infectious diarrhea in both humans and livestock. In particular, <em>C. difficile</em> strains belonging to sequence type (ST) 11 are common enteropathogens. The aim of this study was to determine the presence and genetic relatedness of <em>C. difficile</em> types in dairy cattle and calves.</p></div><div><h3>Method</h3><p>Dutch dairy farms were visited between February and December 2021. Feces was collected from adult dairy cattle and calves of two age categories (<4 weeks and 4 weeks-4 months). Fecal samples were also requested from dairy farmers, family members and employees. Fecal samples were cultured in an enrichment medium for 10–15 days and subcultured on solid media for capillary PCR ribotyping and whole genome sequencing.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p><em>C. difficile</em> was detected on 31 out of 157 (19.8%) dairy farms. The highest prevalence was found in calves <4 weeks (17.5%). None of the 99 human samples collected were positive. Thirty-seven cultured isolates belonged to 11 different PCR ribotypes (RT) of which RT695 (56.8%) and RT078/126 (16.2%) were most abundant. In the database of the Netherlands National Expertise Centre for <em>C. difficile</em> infections (CDI, >10.000 patient isolates), RT695 was found in only two patients with hospital-onset CDI, diagnosed in 2020 and 2021. Sequence analysis of 21<em>C. difficile</em> RT695 from cattle revealed that all isolates belonged to clade 5, ST11 and contained genes encoding toxin A, toxin B and binary toxin. RT695 strains carried antimicrobial resistance genes typically found in clade 5<em>C. difficile</em>. Groups of genetically related RT695 isolates were found between dairy farms, whereas identical strains were only present in individual farms.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p><em>C. difficile</em> was found in ∼20% of dairy farms with a predominance of the relatively unknown RT695. Isolates of RT695 belonged to the same clade and sequence type as RT078/126, which is recognized as an important zoonotic type.</p></div>\",\"PeriodicalId\":19577,\"journal\":{\"name\":\"One Health\",\"volume\":null,\"pages\":null},\"PeriodicalIF\":4.1000,\"publicationDate\":\"2024-04-24\",\"publicationTypes\":\"Journal Article\",\"fieldsOfStudy\":null,\"isOpenAccess\":false,\"openAccessPdf\":\"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S235277142400065X/pdfft?md5=2f208a6efb2212f2dfe27caa03de309c&pid=1-s2.0-S235277142400065X-main.pdf\",\"citationCount\":\"0\",\"resultStr\":null,\"platform\":\"Semanticscholar\",\"paperid\":null,\"PeriodicalName\":\"One Health\",\"FirstCategoryId\":\"3\",\"ListUrlMain\":\"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S235277142400065X\",\"RegionNum\":2,\"RegionCategory\":\"医学\",\"ArticlePicture\":[],\"TitleCN\":null,\"AbstractTextCN\":null,\"PMCID\":null,\"EPubDate\":\"\",\"PubModel\":\"\",\"JCR\":\"Q1\",\"JCRName\":\"INFECTIOUS DISEASES\",\"Score\":null,\"Total\":0}","platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"One Health","FirstCategoryId":"3","ListUrlMain":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S235277142400065X","RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q1","JCRName":"INFECTIOUS DISEASES","Score":null,"Total":0}
Clostridioides difficile in calves, cattle and humans from Dutch dairy farms: Predominance of PCR ribotype 695 (clade 5, sequence type 11) in cattle
Background
Clostridioides difficile is a leading cause of infectious diarrhea in both humans and livestock. In particular, C. difficile strains belonging to sequence type (ST) 11 are common enteropathogens. The aim of this study was to determine the presence and genetic relatedness of C. difficile types in dairy cattle and calves.
Method
Dutch dairy farms were visited between February and December 2021. Feces was collected from adult dairy cattle and calves of two age categories (<4 weeks and 4 weeks-4 months). Fecal samples were also requested from dairy farmers, family members and employees. Fecal samples were cultured in an enrichment medium for 10–15 days and subcultured on solid media for capillary PCR ribotyping and whole genome sequencing.
Results
C. difficile was detected on 31 out of 157 (19.8%) dairy farms. The highest prevalence was found in calves <4 weeks (17.5%). None of the 99 human samples collected were positive. Thirty-seven cultured isolates belonged to 11 different PCR ribotypes (RT) of which RT695 (56.8%) and RT078/126 (16.2%) were most abundant. In the database of the Netherlands National Expertise Centre for C. difficile infections (CDI, >10.000 patient isolates), RT695 was found in only two patients with hospital-onset CDI, diagnosed in 2020 and 2021. Sequence analysis of 21C. difficile RT695 from cattle revealed that all isolates belonged to clade 5, ST11 and contained genes encoding toxin A, toxin B and binary toxin. RT695 strains carried antimicrobial resistance genes typically found in clade 5C. difficile. Groups of genetically related RT695 isolates were found between dairy farms, whereas identical strains were only present in individual farms.
Conclusions
C. difficile was found in ∼20% of dairy farms with a predominance of the relatively unknown RT695. Isolates of RT695 belonged to the same clade and sequence type as RT078/126, which is recognized as an important zoonotic type.
期刊介绍：
One Health - a Gold Open Access journal.
The mission of One Health is to provide a platform for rapid communication of high quality scientific knowledge on inter- and intra-species pathogen transmission, bringing together leading experts in virology, bacteriology, parasitology, mycology, vectors and vector-borne diseases, tropical health, veterinary sciences, pathology, immunology, food safety, mathematical modelling, epidemiology, public health research and emergency preparedness. As a Gold Open Access journal, a fee is payable on acceptance of the paper. Please see the Guide for Authors for more information.
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Mycology,
Vectors and vector-borne diseases,
Co-infections and co-morbidities,
Disease spatial surveillance,
Modelling,
Tropical Health,
Discovery,
Ecosystem Health,
Public Health.
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