河流沉积物对亚马逊流域森林砍伐的反应

IF 2.8 2区 地球科学 Q2 GEOGRAPHY, PHYSICAL Earth Surface Dynamics Pub Date : 2024-04-29 DOI:10.5194/esurf-12-581-2024
Anuska Narayanan, Sagy Cohen, John R. Gardner
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引用次数: 0

摘要

摘要亚马逊流域每年都有数千平方公里的森林被砍伐,最近的砍伐率更是达到了自 2000 年代末以来前所未有的水平。流域内森林砍伐率的上升导致河流系统内沉积物浓度的变化,对生态功能、淡水供应以及河道和沿岸地貌过程产生了潜在影响。主要由于缺乏数据,目前还没有采用全流域的比较方法来广泛研究亚马逊流域森林砍伐与河流沉积物动力学之间的关系。在本研究中,我们利用一种新型遥感衍生沉积物浓度数据集,分析了 2001 年至 2020 年期间森林砍伐对亚马逊河流域大河(宽度大于 50 米)悬浮沉积物的影响。采用基于滞后的方法对这些影响进行了研究,以量化观测到的悬浮沉积物与土地覆盖随时间变化之间的时空关系。研究结果表明,2001-2020 年期间亚马逊河的大规模森林砍伐与流域东部沉积物浓度的显著变化有关。在森林砍伐严重的东部地区,水文地质对森林砍伐的反应相对较快(在一年内),而西部受干扰较少的地区则要延迟 1 到 2 年才能观察到反应。此外,我们还观察到,砍伐森林的规模必须足以克服人类活动和自然沉积物变化的共同影响,才能对大河的沉积物浓度产生明显的影响。在 2001-2020 年期间,69% 的亚马逊河主要支流流域有即时响应,超过 5% 的流域被砍伐了森林,而在 85% 的滞后响应流域中,被砍伐的土地不到 5%。这些研究结果表明,如果森林砍伐进一步扩大到亚马逊流域,将对整个流域未来的沉积物动力学产生严重影响。
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Riverine sediment response to deforestation in the Amazon basin
Abstract. The Amazon experiences thousands of square kilometers of deforestation annually with recent rates increasing to levels unseen since the late 2000s. These increased rates of deforestation within the basin have led to changes in sediment concentration within its river systems, with potential impacts on ecological functioning, freshwater availability, and fluvial and coastal geomorphic processes. The relationship between deforestation and fluvial sediment dynamics in the Amazon has not been extensively studied using a basin-wide, comparative approach primarily due to lack of data. In this study, we utilize a novel remote-sensing-derived sediment concentration dataset to analyze the impact of deforestation from 2001 to 2020 on suspended sediment in large rivers (>50 m wide) across the Amazon River basin. These impacts are studied using a lag-based approach to quantify the spatiotemporal relationships between observed suspended sediment and changes in land cover over time. The results show that large-scale deforestation of the Amazon during the 2001–2020 period are associated with significant changes in sediment concentration in the eastern portion of the basin. In the heavily deforested eastern regions, the hydrogeomorphic response to deforestation occurs relatively rapidly (within a year), whereas the less disturbed western areas exhibit delays of 1 to 2 years before responses are observable. Moreover, we observe that deforestation must be substantial enough to overcome the collective influences of human activities and natural sediment variations to result in a discernible impact on sediment concentration in large rivers. In 69 % of Amazonian major tributary basins with an immediate response, more than 5 % of the basin was deforested during the 2001–2020 period, while in 85 % of basins with lagged responses, less than 5 % of the land was cleared. These findings suggest severe implications for future sediment dynamics across the Amazon if deforestation is to further expand into the basin.
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来源期刊
Earth Surface Dynamics
Earth Surface Dynamics GEOGRAPHY, PHYSICALGEOSCIENCES, MULTIDISCI-GEOSCIENCES, MULTIDISCIPLINARY
CiteScore
5.40
自引率
5.90%
发文量
56
审稿时长
20 weeks
期刊介绍: Earth Surface Dynamics (ESurf) is an international scientific journal dedicated to the publication and discussion of high-quality research on the physical, chemical, and biological processes shaping Earth''s surface and their interactions on all scales.
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