接受美国矿物学会 2023 年罗布林奖章

IF 2.7 3区 地球科学 Q2 GEOCHEMISTRY & GEOPHYSICS American Mineralogist Pub Date : 2024-05-01 DOI:10.2138/am-2024-ap10958
Georges Calas
{"title":"接受美国矿物学会 2023 年罗布林奖章","authors":"Georges Calas","doi":"10.2138/am-2024-ap10958","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"Thank you, Gordon, for your generous words, by which you underline the scientific vision, mutual encouragement, and friendship that we have shared over several decades, both in our professional and personal lives. Thank you for your continuous support. I particularly appreciate the fact that it is you who is introducing me to this most prestigious distinction.It is a great honor, totally unexpected, to have been nominated and even more surprising to have been chosen for the prestigious Roebling medal and I am deeply honored. I warmly thank the MSA Council, the members of the Roebling Committee, and all those who nominated me for their confidence. Thank you also to those who have come to this luncheon or attended the Sunday symposium on “Molecular-scale approaches in Mineralogy: bridging the gap from microscopic to macroscopic.” The great talks presented during this meeting demonstrated the topicality of molecular-scale approaches. But also, this honor makes me very humbled, particularly when I look at the list of previous recipients extending back to 1937, including so many legendary people. As a special mention, as I am the second French to be awarded this honor, I should mention Raymond Castaing, the father of the electron microprobe, who was the first French scientist to receive the Roebling Medal in 1977.I have been attracted to minerals since middle school. After being admitted at Ecole Normale Supérieure (ENS) de Saint-Cloud-Lyon and following Geology classes at the Sorbonne, I began a series of internships in the historical Mineralogy-Crystallography Department of the Sorbonne, founded at the time of Napoleon 1st in 1809 and probably one of the oldest laboratories of France. It is now the Institut de Minéralogie, Physique des Matériaux et Cosmochimie (IMPMC) of Sorbonne Université. At this time, I was fascinated by mineral colors, unfortunately, considered a marginal topic in a laboratory mostly working on crystal structures. I had a bright professor, Hubert Curien (1924–2005), who explained clearly and simply the most recent concepts in crystallography, including crystal physics and point defects. Curien, a life fellow of MSA, occupied the most important positions in the French scientific system, including as Minister of Research and Technology in several French Governments (Calas 2007). After a first work on the superb colors of natural fluorites, I succeeded in a competition to become a high school teacher while obtaining at the same time a research fellow position at the Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS). I took the second possibility with pleasure and started to investigate the structural properties of glasses using the spectroscopic properties of the transition elements they contain. In 1980, I was appointed full professor at University of Paris 7 (now University Paris-Cité). At the same time, a major change in my activities occurred with the access to synchrotron radiation sources. Indeed, the first operational synchrotron radiation centers were developed at the end of the 1970s both on the campus of Orsay and Stanford. The first results published were about the speciation of transition elements in glasses. And we were the first with Gordon Brown and Jacqueline Petiau, a physics professor in the Mineralogy-Crystallography Department of the Sorbonne, to publish this type of information.William Bassett (the 1994 Roebling Medal) invited me to the 1982 AGU Fall Meeting, which hosted the first meeting devoted to the applications of synchrotron radiation in Earth sciences. This started a continuous and fruitful collaboration with Gordon Brown on topics of mutual interest: structure of glasses and melts, environmental mineralogy, speciation of contaminants in soils, etc. I have been a Cox Visiting Professor at Stanford on these topics. The contribution to environmental mineralogy, including the impact of mining activities (As, U), was reinforced by two bright soil scientists, Philippe Ildefonse and Jean-Pierre Muller, later joined by Guillaume Morin, Thierry Allard, and Etienne Balan. Sadly, Philippe died dramatically in the laboratory on the evening of October 26, 1999. In 2001, I moved to Sorbonne Université. In the 2007–2017 period, I was selected for a senior membership at the University Institute of France. In addition to relieving professors from a large part of their teaching, this major institution provides specific funding to encourage the transmission of experience to younger colleagues. During this time, I was chairing a funding network on oxide materials in the Paris region. My election at College de France in the 2015 annual chair on “Sustainable environment: Environment, Energy, Society” reinforced my motivation for the questions raised by mineral resources. Within the activity of the chair, I gathered experts from several countries in a meeting, “Mineral resources, a major issue in the context of sustainable development,” podcasted on the website of College de France. My more recent activities include the investigation of medieval glasses in order to deepen our knowledge of the technological processes used during the Middle Ages to elaborate these fascinating witnesses of the former centuries. After the catastrophic fire of Notre Dame Cathedral on April 15, 2019, I was nominated to the working group on the restoration of the glasses from the Cathedral.The guiding thread of my scientific life was rationalizing structure-property relationships. How strong is the link between physicochemical properties and molecular scale structure of minerals, glasses, and multicomponent natural and technological materials? I was also attracted by the original information these links provide on the formation conditions of minerals using substituted impurities and radiation-induced defects. Mineral spectroscopy provides some independence relative to mineralogy: it allows us to demonstrate the presence of different mineral generations with their distinct histories. For instance, radiation defects are of interest for tracing radionuclides in the geosphere. This topic was a natural collaboration field with Rod Ewing (the 2015 Roebling Medalist).Molecular-scale information on gels and glasses demonstrates the universality of the basic laws of crystal chemistry: whether materials can be periodically organized or amorphous, there is a strict obedience to Pauling’s rules (Linus Pauling was the 1967 Roebling Medalist). The original geometry of cation sites in glasses, with well-defined relationships with glass structure, provides evidence of their heterogeneous structure, as demonstrated by Laurent Cormier and Laurence Galoisy. This is a major result of the structural properties of glasses and gels demonstrating a short-range order, even in the absence of a long-range order. When working at this scale, mineralogists are in a good position to interact with scientists outside of the Earth and planetary sciences and with other fields of science and technology, e.g., environmental sciences, materials science, cultural heritage, and so on. These collaborations broaden the scope of our research and attract a large diversity of students in our laboratories.I have been living in a time that has seen an explosion of instrumental, experimental, and theoretical approaches in mineralogy and geochemistry. Among these tools, spectroscopic methods and the fast-emerging synchrotron radiation facilities deserve special attention. Their fast development contributed to cross fertilization of mineralogy, geochemistry, and environmental and materials sciences. This interdisciplinarity illustrates the concept of “Geochemistry of solids,” advocated by Bill Fyfe (the 1995 Roebling Medal) in his enlightening book more than 50 years ago. Such an approach provides direct access to a unified molecular scale vision of the structure of geomaterials, including nanos and mineral surfaces and “amorphous” materials. A similar approach has provided clues on structure-property relationships of technological materials, and this has been, for me, the occasion of a long-term collaboration with major industrial R&D centers and various branches of the French Atomic Energy Commission. I am glad that about half of my students found a position in these areas, some of them at top executive levels.I was lucky to be at the right place at the right time. Indeed, such a broad diversity in my research activity over several decades results from team efforts and strong student motivation that were, for me, of the highest importance during all my professional life. I was in a laboratory located in the center of Paris, an attractive place for students, postdocs, and collaborators, driving a unique population of eminent scholars from the major universities and colleges that constitute the Quartier Latin.Despite the fact that research was the main goal of my professional activity, I always felt concerned by the management of public affairs and the societal and economic implications of Mineralogy. I had several positions at University and CNRS and occupied a halftime position as a scientific advisor at the Ministry of Research and Higher Education. I was also involved in the management of public research and Universities, at a time when environmental concerns were rising fast, in the teaching programs as well as in research activities. Finally, service to our community, to our mineralogical societies and associations, and to our journals has always been an important component of my professional activity. In particular, I retain fond memories of having served as Elements Principal Editor. Without any similar example in our community for guidance, Elements has built a unique and worldwide link between mineralogical, petrological, and geochemical communities, 20 years after its launch. Sharing our experiences and our interests results in original issues of a journal that captivates our community. We hope that this will continue for the years to come, attracting interest for our fields and for science in general.Once again, I thank the MSA for this great honor.","PeriodicalId":7768,"journal":{"name":"American Mineralogist","volume":"17 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7000,"publicationDate":"2024-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":"{\"title\":\"Acceptance of the 2023 Roebling Medal of the Mineralogical Society of America\",\"authors\":\"Georges Calas\",\"doi\":\"10.2138/am-2024-ap10958\",\"DOIUrl\":null,\"url\":null,\"abstract\":\"Thank you, Gordon, for your generous words, by which you underline the scientific vision, mutual encouragement, and friendship that we have shared over several decades, both in our professional and personal lives. Thank you for your continuous support. I particularly appreciate the fact that it is you who is introducing me to this most prestigious distinction.It is a great honor, totally unexpected, to have been nominated and even more surprising to have been chosen for the prestigious Roebling medal and I am deeply honored. I warmly thank the MSA Council, the members of the Roebling Committee, and all those who nominated me for their confidence. Thank you also to those who have come to this luncheon or attended the Sunday symposium on “Molecular-scale approaches in Mineralogy: bridging the gap from microscopic to macroscopic.” The great talks presented during this meeting demonstrated the topicality of molecular-scale approaches. But also, this honor makes me very humbled, particularly when I look at the list of previous recipients extending back to 1937, including so many legendary people. As a special mention, as I am the second French to be awarded this honor, I should mention Raymond Castaing, the father of the electron microprobe, who was the first French scientist to receive the Roebling Medal in 1977.I have been attracted to minerals since middle school. After being admitted at Ecole Normale Supérieure (ENS) de Saint-Cloud-Lyon and following Geology classes at the Sorbonne, I began a series of internships in the historical Mineralogy-Crystallography Department of the Sorbonne, founded at the time of Napoleon 1st in 1809 and probably one of the oldest laboratories of France. It is now the Institut de Minéralogie, Physique des Matériaux et Cosmochimie (IMPMC) of Sorbonne Université. At this time, I was fascinated by mineral colors, unfortunately, considered a marginal topic in a laboratory mostly working on crystal structures. I had a bright professor, Hubert Curien (1924–2005), who explained clearly and simply the most recent concepts in crystallography, including crystal physics and point defects. Curien, a life fellow of MSA, occupied the most important positions in the French scientific system, including as Minister of Research and Technology in several French Governments (Calas 2007). After a first work on the superb colors of natural fluorites, I succeeded in a competition to become a high school teacher while obtaining at the same time a research fellow position at the Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS). I took the second possibility with pleasure and started to investigate the structural properties of glasses using the spectroscopic properties of the transition elements they contain. In 1980, I was appointed full professor at University of Paris 7 (now University Paris-Cité). At the same time, a major change in my activities occurred with the access to synchrotron radiation sources. Indeed, the first operational synchrotron radiation centers were developed at the end of the 1970s both on the campus of Orsay and Stanford. The first results published were about the speciation of transition elements in glasses. And we were the first with Gordon Brown and Jacqueline Petiau, a physics professor in the Mineralogy-Crystallography Department of the Sorbonne, to publish this type of information.William Bassett (the 1994 Roebling Medal) invited me to the 1982 AGU Fall Meeting, which hosted the first meeting devoted to the applications of synchrotron radiation in Earth sciences. This started a continuous and fruitful collaboration with Gordon Brown on topics of mutual interest: structure of glasses and melts, environmental mineralogy, speciation of contaminants in soils, etc. I have been a Cox Visiting Professor at Stanford on these topics. The contribution to environmental mineralogy, including the impact of mining activities (As, U), was reinforced by two bright soil scientists, Philippe Ildefonse and Jean-Pierre Muller, later joined by Guillaume Morin, Thierry Allard, and Etienne Balan. Sadly, Philippe died dramatically in the laboratory on the evening of October 26, 1999. In 2001, I moved to Sorbonne Université. In the 2007–2017 period, I was selected for a senior membership at the University Institute of France. In addition to relieving professors from a large part of their teaching, this major institution provides specific funding to encourage the transmission of experience to younger colleagues. During this time, I was chairing a funding network on oxide materials in the Paris region. My election at College de France in the 2015 annual chair on “Sustainable environment: Environment, Energy, Society” reinforced my motivation for the questions raised by mineral resources. Within the activity of the chair, I gathered experts from several countries in a meeting, “Mineral resources, a major issue in the context of sustainable development,” podcasted on the website of College de France. My more recent activities include the investigation of medieval glasses in order to deepen our knowledge of the technological processes used during the Middle Ages to elaborate these fascinating witnesses of the former centuries. After the catastrophic fire of Notre Dame Cathedral on April 15, 2019, I was nominated to the working group on the restoration of the glasses from the Cathedral.The guiding thread of my scientific life was rationalizing structure-property relationships. How strong is the link between physicochemical properties and molecular scale structure of minerals, glasses, and multicomponent natural and technological materials? I was also attracted by the original information these links provide on the formation conditions of minerals using substituted impurities and radiation-induced defects. Mineral spectroscopy provides some independence relative to mineralogy: it allows us to demonstrate the presence of different mineral generations with their distinct histories. For instance, radiation defects are of interest for tracing radionuclides in the geosphere. This topic was a natural collaboration field with Rod Ewing (the 2015 Roebling Medalist).Molecular-scale information on gels and glasses demonstrates the universality of the basic laws of crystal chemistry: whether materials can be periodically organized or amorphous, there is a strict obedience to Pauling’s rules (Linus Pauling was the 1967 Roebling Medalist). The original geometry of cation sites in glasses, with well-defined relationships with glass structure, provides evidence of their heterogeneous structure, as demonstrated by Laurent Cormier and Laurence Galoisy. This is a major result of the structural properties of glasses and gels demonstrating a short-range order, even in the absence of a long-range order. When working at this scale, mineralogists are in a good position to interact with scientists outside of the Earth and planetary sciences and with other fields of science and technology, e.g., environmental sciences, materials science, cultural heritage, and so on. These collaborations broaden the scope of our research and attract a large diversity of students in our laboratories.I have been living in a time that has seen an explosion of instrumental, experimental, and theoretical approaches in mineralogy and geochemistry. Among these tools, spectroscopic methods and the fast-emerging synchrotron radiation facilities deserve special attention. Their fast development contributed to cross fertilization of mineralogy, geochemistry, and environmental and materials sciences. This interdisciplinarity illustrates the concept of “Geochemistry of solids,” advocated by Bill Fyfe (the 1995 Roebling Medal) in his enlightening book more than 50 years ago. Such an approach provides direct access to a unified molecular scale vision of the structure of geomaterials, including nanos and mineral surfaces and “amorphous” materials. A similar approach has provided clues on structure-property relationships of technological materials, and this has been, for me, the occasion of a long-term collaboration with major industrial R&D centers and various branches of the French Atomic Energy Commission. I am glad that about half of my students found a position in these areas, some of them at top executive levels.I was lucky to be at the right place at the right time. Indeed, such a broad diversity in my research activity over several decades results from team efforts and strong student motivation that were, for me, of the highest importance during all my professional life. I was in a laboratory located in the center of Paris, an attractive place for students, postdocs, and collaborators, driving a unique population of eminent scholars from the major universities and colleges that constitute the Quartier Latin.Despite the fact that research was the main goal of my professional activity, I always felt concerned by the management of public affairs and the societal and economic implications of Mineralogy. I had several positions at University and CNRS and occupied a halftime position as a scientific advisor at the Ministry of Research and Higher Education. I was also involved in the management of public research and Universities, at a time when environmental concerns were rising fast, in the teaching programs as well as in research activities. Finally, service to our community, to our mineralogical societies and associations, and to our journals has always been an important component of my professional activity. In particular, I retain fond memories of having served as Elements Principal Editor. Without any similar example in our community for guidance, Elements has built a unique and worldwide link between mineralogical, petrological, and geochemical communities, 20 years after its launch. Sharing our experiences and our interests results in original issues of a journal that captivates our community. We hope that this will continue for the years to come, attracting interest for our fields and for science in general.Once again, I thank the MSA for this great honor.\",\"PeriodicalId\":7768,\"journal\":{\"name\":\"American Mineralogist\",\"volume\":\"17 1\",\"pages\":\"\"},\"PeriodicalIF\":2.7000,\"publicationDate\":\"2024-05-01\",\"publicationTypes\":\"Journal Article\",\"fieldsOfStudy\":null,\"isOpenAccess\":false,\"openAccessPdf\":\"\",\"citationCount\":\"0\",\"resultStr\":null,\"platform\":\"Semanticscholar\",\"paperid\":null,\"PeriodicalName\":\"American Mineralogist\",\"FirstCategoryId\":\"89\",\"ListUrlMain\":\"https://doi.org/10.2138/am-2024-ap10958\",\"RegionNum\":3,\"RegionCategory\":\"地球科学\",\"ArticlePicture\":[],\"TitleCN\":null,\"AbstractTextCN\":null,\"PMCID\":null,\"EPubDate\":\"\",\"PubModel\":\"\",\"JCR\":\"Q2\",\"JCRName\":\"GEOCHEMISTRY & GEOPHYSICS\",\"Score\":null,\"Total\":0}","platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"American Mineralogist","FirstCategoryId":"89","ListUrlMain":"https://doi.org/10.2138/am-2024-ap10958","RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q2","JCRName":"GEOCHEMISTRY & GEOPHYSICS","Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0

摘要

谢谢你,戈登,谢谢你慷慨的话语,你的话语强调了我们几十年来在职业和个人生活中共同拥有的科学视野、相互鼓励和友谊。感谢您一直以来的支持。被提名是我莫大的荣幸,这完全出乎我的意料,而被选为著名的罗布林奖章更是出乎我的意料,我深感荣幸。我衷心感谢 MSA 理事会、罗布林委员会成员以及所有提名人对我的信任。同时也感谢那些前来参加本次午餐会或出席周日研讨会 "矿物学中的分子尺度方法:从微观到宏观的桥梁 "的人们。本次会议期间的精彩发言展示了分子尺度方法的现实意义。但同时,这一荣誉也让我感到非常惭愧,尤其是当我看到之前的获奖者名单可以追溯到 1937 年,其中包括如此多的传奇人物。特别值得一提的是,由于我是第二位获此殊荣的法国人,我应该提到电子显微镜之父雷蒙德-卡斯塔因(Raymond Castaing),他是第一位在1977年获得罗布林奖章的法国科学家。被圣克卢-里昂高等师范学校(ENS)录取后,我在索邦大学地质学专业学习,之后在索邦大学历史悠久的矿物学-晶体学系开始了一系列实习。它现在是索邦大学矿物学、材料物理和宇宙学研究所(IMPMC)。当时,我对矿物颜色非常着迷,但不幸的是,在一个主要研究晶体结构的实验室里,矿物颜色被认为是一个边缘课题。我有一位聪明的教授 Hubert Curien(1924-2005 年),他简单明了地解释了晶体学的最新概念,包括晶体物理学和点缺陷。Curien是MSA的终身研究员,曾在法国科学体系中担任过最重要的职务,包括在几届法国政府中担任研究和技术部长(Calas,2007年)。在完成了第一项关于天然萤石绝妙色彩的研究后,我通过竞争成为了一名中学教师,同时获得了法国国家科学研究中心(CNRS)的研究员职位。我欣然接受了第二种可能性,并开始利用玻璃所含过渡元素的光谱特性研究玻璃的结构特性。1980 年,我被巴黎第七大学(现巴黎城市大学)任命为正教授。与此同时,随着同步辐射源的出现,我的工作发生了重大变化。事实上,20 世纪 70 年代末,在奥赛大学和斯坦福大学的校园里建立了第一个同步辐射中心。最早发表的成果是关于过渡元素在玻璃中的分化。我们与戈登-布朗(Gordon Brown)和索邦大学矿物学-晶体学系物理学教授杰奎琳-佩蒂奥(Jacqueline Petiau)一起,率先发表了这类信息。威廉-巴塞特(William Bassett,1994 年罗布林奖章获得者)邀请我参加了 1982 年美国地质学会秋季会议,该会议首次专门讨论了同步辐射在地球科学中的应用。这开启了我与戈登-布朗(Gordon Brown)在玻璃和熔体结构、环境矿物学、土壤中污染物的标本化等共同感兴趣的课题上持续而富有成效的合作。我曾在斯坦福大学担任这些课题的考克斯客座教授。两位杰出的土壤学家菲利普-伊尔德丰斯(Philippe Ildefonse)和让-皮埃尔-穆勒(Jean-Pierre Muller),以及后来加入的纪尧姆-莫兰(Guillaume Morin)、蒂埃里-阿拉德(Thierry Allard)和艾蒂安-巴兰(Etienne Balan),加强了我们对环境矿物学(包括采矿活动的影响(砷、铀))的贡献。不幸的是,1999 年 10 月 26 日晚,菲利普在实验室中溘然长逝。2001 年,我搬到了索邦大学。2007 年至 2017 年期间,我被选拔为法国大学研究所的高级成员。除了让教授们减轻大部分教学任务外,这个重要机构还提供专项资金,鼓励教授们向年轻同事传授经验。在此期间,我担任巴黎地区氧化物材料资助网络的主席。我当选法兰西学院2015年 "可持续环境 "年度主席:环境、能源、社会 "年度主席一职,更加激发了我对矿产资源问题的兴趣。在主席活动范围内,我召集了来自多个国家的专家,召开了题为 "矿产资源,可持续发展背景下的重大问题 "的会议,并在法兰西学院网站上进行了播客。 我们希望在未来的岁月里,这种情况将继续下去,吸引人们对我们的领域和整个科学的兴趣。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
查看原文
分享 分享
微信好友 朋友圈 QQ好友 复制链接
本刊更多论文
Acceptance of the 2023 Roebling Medal of the Mineralogical Society of America
Thank you, Gordon, for your generous words, by which you underline the scientific vision, mutual encouragement, and friendship that we have shared over several decades, both in our professional and personal lives. Thank you for your continuous support. I particularly appreciate the fact that it is you who is introducing me to this most prestigious distinction.It is a great honor, totally unexpected, to have been nominated and even more surprising to have been chosen for the prestigious Roebling medal and I am deeply honored. I warmly thank the MSA Council, the members of the Roebling Committee, and all those who nominated me for their confidence. Thank you also to those who have come to this luncheon or attended the Sunday symposium on “Molecular-scale approaches in Mineralogy: bridging the gap from microscopic to macroscopic.” The great talks presented during this meeting demonstrated the topicality of molecular-scale approaches. But also, this honor makes me very humbled, particularly when I look at the list of previous recipients extending back to 1937, including so many legendary people. As a special mention, as I am the second French to be awarded this honor, I should mention Raymond Castaing, the father of the electron microprobe, who was the first French scientist to receive the Roebling Medal in 1977.I have been attracted to minerals since middle school. After being admitted at Ecole Normale Supérieure (ENS) de Saint-Cloud-Lyon and following Geology classes at the Sorbonne, I began a series of internships in the historical Mineralogy-Crystallography Department of the Sorbonne, founded at the time of Napoleon 1st in 1809 and probably one of the oldest laboratories of France. It is now the Institut de Minéralogie, Physique des Matériaux et Cosmochimie (IMPMC) of Sorbonne Université. At this time, I was fascinated by mineral colors, unfortunately, considered a marginal topic in a laboratory mostly working on crystal structures. I had a bright professor, Hubert Curien (1924–2005), who explained clearly and simply the most recent concepts in crystallography, including crystal physics and point defects. Curien, a life fellow of MSA, occupied the most important positions in the French scientific system, including as Minister of Research and Technology in several French Governments (Calas 2007). After a first work on the superb colors of natural fluorites, I succeeded in a competition to become a high school teacher while obtaining at the same time a research fellow position at the Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS). I took the second possibility with pleasure and started to investigate the structural properties of glasses using the spectroscopic properties of the transition elements they contain. In 1980, I was appointed full professor at University of Paris 7 (now University Paris-Cité). At the same time, a major change in my activities occurred with the access to synchrotron radiation sources. Indeed, the first operational synchrotron radiation centers were developed at the end of the 1970s both on the campus of Orsay and Stanford. The first results published were about the speciation of transition elements in glasses. And we were the first with Gordon Brown and Jacqueline Petiau, a physics professor in the Mineralogy-Crystallography Department of the Sorbonne, to publish this type of information.William Bassett (the 1994 Roebling Medal) invited me to the 1982 AGU Fall Meeting, which hosted the first meeting devoted to the applications of synchrotron radiation in Earth sciences. This started a continuous and fruitful collaboration with Gordon Brown on topics of mutual interest: structure of glasses and melts, environmental mineralogy, speciation of contaminants in soils, etc. I have been a Cox Visiting Professor at Stanford on these topics. The contribution to environmental mineralogy, including the impact of mining activities (As, U), was reinforced by two bright soil scientists, Philippe Ildefonse and Jean-Pierre Muller, later joined by Guillaume Morin, Thierry Allard, and Etienne Balan. Sadly, Philippe died dramatically in the laboratory on the evening of October 26, 1999. In 2001, I moved to Sorbonne Université. In the 2007–2017 period, I was selected for a senior membership at the University Institute of France. In addition to relieving professors from a large part of their teaching, this major institution provides specific funding to encourage the transmission of experience to younger colleagues. During this time, I was chairing a funding network on oxide materials in the Paris region. My election at College de France in the 2015 annual chair on “Sustainable environment: Environment, Energy, Society” reinforced my motivation for the questions raised by mineral resources. Within the activity of the chair, I gathered experts from several countries in a meeting, “Mineral resources, a major issue in the context of sustainable development,” podcasted on the website of College de France. My more recent activities include the investigation of medieval glasses in order to deepen our knowledge of the technological processes used during the Middle Ages to elaborate these fascinating witnesses of the former centuries. After the catastrophic fire of Notre Dame Cathedral on April 15, 2019, I was nominated to the working group on the restoration of the glasses from the Cathedral.The guiding thread of my scientific life was rationalizing structure-property relationships. How strong is the link between physicochemical properties and molecular scale structure of minerals, glasses, and multicomponent natural and technological materials? I was also attracted by the original information these links provide on the formation conditions of minerals using substituted impurities and radiation-induced defects. Mineral spectroscopy provides some independence relative to mineralogy: it allows us to demonstrate the presence of different mineral generations with their distinct histories. For instance, radiation defects are of interest for tracing radionuclides in the geosphere. This topic was a natural collaboration field with Rod Ewing (the 2015 Roebling Medalist).Molecular-scale information on gels and glasses demonstrates the universality of the basic laws of crystal chemistry: whether materials can be periodically organized or amorphous, there is a strict obedience to Pauling’s rules (Linus Pauling was the 1967 Roebling Medalist). The original geometry of cation sites in glasses, with well-defined relationships with glass structure, provides evidence of their heterogeneous structure, as demonstrated by Laurent Cormier and Laurence Galoisy. This is a major result of the structural properties of glasses and gels demonstrating a short-range order, even in the absence of a long-range order. When working at this scale, mineralogists are in a good position to interact with scientists outside of the Earth and planetary sciences and with other fields of science and technology, e.g., environmental sciences, materials science, cultural heritage, and so on. These collaborations broaden the scope of our research and attract a large diversity of students in our laboratories.I have been living in a time that has seen an explosion of instrumental, experimental, and theoretical approaches in mineralogy and geochemistry. Among these tools, spectroscopic methods and the fast-emerging synchrotron radiation facilities deserve special attention. Their fast development contributed to cross fertilization of mineralogy, geochemistry, and environmental and materials sciences. This interdisciplinarity illustrates the concept of “Geochemistry of solids,” advocated by Bill Fyfe (the 1995 Roebling Medal) in his enlightening book more than 50 years ago. Such an approach provides direct access to a unified molecular scale vision of the structure of geomaterials, including nanos and mineral surfaces and “amorphous” materials. A similar approach has provided clues on structure-property relationships of technological materials, and this has been, for me, the occasion of a long-term collaboration with major industrial R&D centers and various branches of the French Atomic Energy Commission. I am glad that about half of my students found a position in these areas, some of them at top executive levels.I was lucky to be at the right place at the right time. Indeed, such a broad diversity in my research activity over several decades results from team efforts and strong student motivation that were, for me, of the highest importance during all my professional life. I was in a laboratory located in the center of Paris, an attractive place for students, postdocs, and collaborators, driving a unique population of eminent scholars from the major universities and colleges that constitute the Quartier Latin.Despite the fact that research was the main goal of my professional activity, I always felt concerned by the management of public affairs and the societal and economic implications of Mineralogy. I had several positions at University and CNRS and occupied a halftime position as a scientific advisor at the Ministry of Research and Higher Education. I was also involved in the management of public research and Universities, at a time when environmental concerns were rising fast, in the teaching programs as well as in research activities. Finally, service to our community, to our mineralogical societies and associations, and to our journals has always been an important component of my professional activity. In particular, I retain fond memories of having served as Elements Principal Editor. Without any similar example in our community for guidance, Elements has built a unique and worldwide link between mineralogical, petrological, and geochemical communities, 20 years after its launch. Sharing our experiences and our interests results in original issues of a journal that captivates our community. We hope that this will continue for the years to come, attracting interest for our fields and for science in general.Once again, I thank the MSA for this great honor.
求助全文
通过发布文献求助,成功后即可免费获取论文全文。 去求助
来源期刊
American Mineralogist
American Mineralogist 地学-地球化学与地球物理
CiteScore
5.20
自引率
9.70%
发文量
276
审稿时长
1 months
期刊介绍: American Mineralogist: Journal of Earth and Planetary Materials (Am Min), is the flagship journal of the Mineralogical Society of America (MSA), continuously published since 1916. Am Min is home to some of the most important advances in the Earth Sciences. Our mission is a continuance of this heritage: to provide readers with reports on original scientific research, both fundamental and applied, with far reaching implications and far ranging appeal. Topics of interest cover all aspects of planetary evolution, and biological and atmospheric processes mediated by solid-state phenomena. These include, but are not limited to, mineralogy and crystallography, high- and low-temperature geochemistry, petrology, geofluids, bio-geochemistry, bio-mineralogy, synthetic materials of relevance to the Earth and planetary sciences, and breakthroughs in analytical methods of any of the aforementioned.
期刊最新文献
Quartz texture and the chemical composition fingerprint of ore-forming fluid evolution at the Bilihe porphyry Au deposit, NE China Acceptance of the 2023 Roebling Medal of the Mineralogical Society of America Presentation of the 2023 Roebling Medal of the Mineralogical Society of America to Georges Calas Presentation of the Mineralogical Society of America Award for 2023 to Shaunna M. Morrison Acceptance of the Distinguished Public Service Award of the Mineralogical Society of America for 2024
×
引用
GB/T 7714-2015
复制
MLA
复制
APA
复制
导出至
BibTeX EndNote RefMan NoteFirst NoteExpress
×
×
提示
您的信息不完整,为了账户安全,请先补充。
现在去补充
×
提示
您因"违规操作"
具体请查看互助需知
我知道了
×
提示
现在去查看 取消
×
提示
确定
0
微信
客服QQ
Book学术公众号 扫码关注我们
反馈
×
意见反馈
请填写您的意见或建议
请填写您的手机或邮箱
已复制链接
已复制链接
快去分享给好友吧!
我知道了
×
扫码分享
扫码分享
Book学术官方微信
Book学术文献互助
Book学术文献互助群
群 号:481959085
Book学术
文献互助 智能选刊 最新文献 互助须知 联系我们:info@booksci.cn
Book学术提供免费学术资源搜索服务,方便国内外学者检索中英文文献。致力于提供最便捷和优质的服务体验。
Copyright © 2023 Book学术 All rights reserved.
ghs 京公网安备 11010802042870号 京ICP备2023020795号-1