Xyalidae Chitwood,1951 年科冰缘线虫的形态和遗传多样性

IF 1.5 4区 环境科学与生态学 Q3 BIODIVERSITY CONSERVATION Polar Biology Pub Date : 2024-04-30 DOI:10.1007/s00300-024-03245-w
Anna I. Timchenko, Ulyana V. Simakova, Daria A. Portnova
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摘要

与冰相关的线虫 Theristus melnikovi 在整个北极地区进行远距离传播。然而,该物种的分类地位和系统发育关系仍未解决。我们采用了一种综合方法,对经形态鉴定的 T. melnikovi 标本进行单标本条形码编码,并注意到了 Xyalidae 科的两个冰缘新物种的系统发育。从白海和喀拉海的海冰中采集的 13 个 T. melnikovi 标本获得了 DNA 条形码(18S 和 28S 基因标记)。对 D2D3 区域的分析发现,白海海冰中的 T. melnikovi 有三个基因不同的品系,这表明 T. melnikovi 标本属于隐居物种,其基因分化归因于偏远的半孤立地区与开阔的北极海之间有限的冰层交换。喀拉海标本属于单一物种。我们的研究结果突出表明,仅使用 18S rDNA 数据会低估交配线虫的物种多样性。Melnikovi 的条形码标本无法从形态学上进行区分,因为大多数测序标本都是幼体(92.3%)。我们还对巴伦支海、白海、喀拉海和东西伯利亚海的海冰以及东西伯利亚海沉积物中的 34 个标本进行了形态特征比较分析。我们的标本与之前描述的 T. melnikovi 不同,其体型大小不一,两侧眼窝形状各异,且没有前胸补充物和色素斑。这项研究有助于了解交配线虫的多样性、栖息地的可变性和生态学,证实了将分子和形态学方法结合起来的必要性。
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Morphological and genetic diversity of ice-associated nematodes of the family Xyalidae Chitwood, 1951

The ice-associated nematode Theristus melnikovi has a long-distance dispersal throughout the Arctic. However, this species’ taxonomic position and phylogenetic relationships remain unresolved. We used an integrative approach of single-specimen barcoding of morphologically identified specimens of T. melnikovi with note on the phylogeny of two new ice-associated species of the family Xyalidae. DNA barcodes (18S and 28S gene markers) were obtained from 13 specimens of T. melnikovi collected from sea ice in the White and Kara Seas. Analysis of the D2D3 region found three genetically distinct lineages of T. melnikovi from the White Sea ice, suggesting that T. melnikovi specimens belong to the cryptic species, with genetic differentiation attributed to limited ice exchange between remote semi-isolated areas and open Arctic seas. The Kara Sea specimens belong to a single species. Our results highlight that using 18S rDNA data alone underestimates species diversity within sympagic nematodes. The barcoded specimens of T. melnikovi could not be distinguished morphologically, as the majority of the sequenced specimens were juveniles (92.3%). Additional comparative analysis of morphological traits was performed on 34 specimens from sea ice in the Barents, White, Kara, and East Siberian Seas, and from sediment in the East Siberian Sea. Our specimens differed from previous descriptions of T. melnikovi by variable body size, amphidial fovea shape, and absence of precloacal supplements and pigment spots. This study contributes to the understanding of the diversity, variability in habitat, and ecology of sympagic nematodes, confirming the need to put together the integration of molecular and morphological methodologies.

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来源期刊
Polar Biology
Polar Biology 生物-生态学
CiteScore
3.60
自引率
11.80%
发文量
116
审稿时长
3-8 weeks
期刊介绍: Polar Biology publishes Original Papers, Reviews, and Short Notes and is the focal point for biologists working in polar regions. It is also of interest to scientists working in biology in general, ecology and physiology, as well as in oceanography and climatology related to polar life. Polar Biology presents results of studies in plants, animals, and micro-organisms of marine, limnic and terrestrial habitats in polar and subpolar regions of both hemispheres. Taxonomy/ Biogeography Life History Spatio-temporal Patterns in Abundance and Diversity Ecological Interactions Trophic Ecology Ecophysiology/ Biochemistry of Adaptation Biogeochemical Pathways and Cycles Ecological Models Human Impact/ Climate Change/ Conservation
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