{"title":"调节体液和电解质平衡","authors":"Alexander Hunt, Ahmed Essa, Ross Macnab","doi":"10.1016/j.mpaic.2024.03.007","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Adequate tissue perfusion and cellular function is dependent on the maintenance of effective circulatory volume and serum osmolality, respectively. As sodium is the principal extracellular cation with the inability to pass freely across the cellular membrane, it therefore has the greatest effect on extracellular fluid osmolality. The extracellular fluid (ECF) volume can increase or decrease independent of the surrounding osmolality indicating that control of plasma osmolality and volume occur through distinct physiological processes. Disorders in sodium balance with consequent effect on osmolality come about mainly due to disturbances in water homeostasis rather than an abnormality of sodium intake or excretion.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":45856,"journal":{"name":"Anaesthesia and Intensive Care Medicine","volume":"25 5","pages":"Pages 332-338"},"PeriodicalIF":0.2000,"publicationDate":"2024-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":"{\"title\":\"Regulation of fluid and electrolyte balance\",\"authors\":\"Alexander Hunt, Ahmed Essa, Ross Macnab\",\"doi\":\"10.1016/j.mpaic.2024.03.007\",\"DOIUrl\":null,\"url\":null,\"abstract\":\"<div><p>Adequate tissue perfusion and cellular function is dependent on the maintenance of effective circulatory volume and serum osmolality, respectively. As sodium is the principal extracellular cation with the inability to pass freely across the cellular membrane, it therefore has the greatest effect on extracellular fluid osmolality. The extracellular fluid (ECF) volume can increase or decrease independent of the surrounding osmolality indicating that control of plasma osmolality and volume occur through distinct physiological processes. Disorders in sodium balance with consequent effect on osmolality come about mainly due to disturbances in water homeostasis rather than an abnormality of sodium intake or excretion.</p></div>\",\"PeriodicalId\":45856,\"journal\":{\"name\":\"Anaesthesia and Intensive Care Medicine\",\"volume\":\"25 5\",\"pages\":\"Pages 332-338\"},\"PeriodicalIF\":0.2000,\"publicationDate\":\"2024-05-01\",\"publicationTypes\":\"Journal Article\",\"fieldsOfStudy\":null,\"isOpenAccess\":false,\"openAccessPdf\":\"\",\"citationCount\":\"0\",\"resultStr\":null,\"platform\":\"Semanticscholar\",\"paperid\":null,\"PeriodicalName\":\"Anaesthesia and Intensive Care Medicine\",\"FirstCategoryId\":\"1085\",\"ListUrlMain\":\"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1472029924000444\",\"RegionNum\":0,\"RegionCategory\":null,\"ArticlePicture\":[],\"TitleCN\":null,\"AbstractTextCN\":null,\"PMCID\":null,\"EPubDate\":\"\",\"PubModel\":\"\",\"JCR\":\"Q4\",\"JCRName\":\"ANESTHESIOLOGY\",\"Score\":null,\"Total\":0}","platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Anaesthesia and Intensive Care Medicine","FirstCategoryId":"1085","ListUrlMain":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1472029924000444","RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":null,"ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q4","JCRName":"ANESTHESIOLOGY","Score":null,"Total":0}
Adequate tissue perfusion and cellular function is dependent on the maintenance of effective circulatory volume and serum osmolality, respectively. As sodium is the principal extracellular cation with the inability to pass freely across the cellular membrane, it therefore has the greatest effect on extracellular fluid osmolality. The extracellular fluid (ECF) volume can increase or decrease independent of the surrounding osmolality indicating that control of plasma osmolality and volume occur through distinct physiological processes. Disorders in sodium balance with consequent effect on osmolality come about mainly due to disturbances in water homeostasis rather than an abnormality of sodium intake or excretion.
期刊介绍：
Anaesthesia and Intensive Care Medicine, an invaluable source of up-to-date information, with the curriculum of both the Primary and Final FRCA examinations covered over a three-year cycle. Published monthly this ever-updating text book will be an invaluable source for both trainee and experienced anaesthetists. The enthusiastic editorial board, under the guidance of two eminent and experienced series editors, ensures Anaesthesia and Intensive Care Medicine covers all the key topics in a comprehensive and authoritative manner. Articles now include learning objectives and eash issue features MCQs, facilitating self-directed learning and enabling readers at all levels to test their knowledge. Each issue is divided between basic scientific and clinical sections. The basic science articles include anatomy, physiology, pharmacology, physics and clinical measurement, while the clinical sections cover anaesthetic agents and techniques, assessment and perioperative management. Further sections cover audit, trials, statistics, ethical and legal medicine, and the management of acute and chronic pain.
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