用于运动检测的空间求和法

IF 1.5 4区 心理学 Q4 NEUROSCIENCES Vision Research Pub Date : 2024-05-07 DOI:10.1016/j.visres.2024.108422
Joshua A. Solomon , Fintan Nagle , Christopher W. Tyler
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引用次数: 0

摘要

我们利用心理物理求和范式揭示了负责在中心视觉中检测运动定义的视觉目标的机制的一些空间特征。以前有很多关于运动检测和方向辨别的空间求和研究,但没有人从速度阈值的角度对其进行评估,也没有人使用速度噪声来衡量速度处理机制的效率。运动定义的目标位于随机选择灰度级的正方形区域中心。通过将像素向右移动 0.2 秒,在圆盘状目标区域内产生运动。均匀的目标运动受到 16 个像素水平条带的高斯运动噪声干扰。自变量为场域大小、圆盘目标的直径以及添加到每个 16 像素条带(带符号)速度上的独立扰动方差。因变量是目标检测的阈值速度。速度阈值是目标直径的 "咻 "形(先下降后上升)函数。当目标占视觉角度约 2 度时,速度阈值最小。这些数据与一系列模型相匹配,从理论上理想的观察者到各种低效和嘈杂的细化模型。我们特别引入了稀疏采样的概念,以解释速度阈值的相对低效。最佳拟合是从一个模型观察者那里获得的,该观察者的反应是通过比较每个刺激的速度曲线和一组有限的稀疏采样 "DoG "模板来确定的,每个模板都是随机二进制数组和两个二维高斯密度函数之差的乘积。
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Spatial summation for motion detection

We used the psychophysical summation paradigm to reveal some spatial characteristics of the mechanism responsible for detecting a motion-defined visual target in central vision. There has been much previous work on spatial summation for motion detection and direction discrimination, but none has assessed it in terms of the velocity threshold or used velocity noise to provide a measure of the efficiency of the velocity processing mechanism. Motion-defined targets were centered within square fields of randomly selected gray levels. The motion was produced within the disk-shaped target region by shifting the pixels rightwards for 0.2 s. The uniform target motion was perturbed by Gaussian motion noise in horizontal strips of 16 pixels. Independent variables were field size, the diameter of the disk target, and the variance of an independent perturbation added to the (signed) velocity of each 16-pixel strip. The dependent variable was the threshold velocity for target detection. Velocity thresholds formed swoosh-shaped (descending, then ascending) functions of target diameter. Minimum values were obtained when targets subtended approximately 2 degrees of visual angle. The data were fit with a continuum of models, extending from the theoretically ideal observer through various inefficient and noisy refinements thereof. In particular, we introduce the concept of sparse sampling to account for the relative inefficiency of the velocity thresholds. The best fits were obtained from a model observer whose responses were determined by comparing the velocity profile of each stimulus with a limited set of sparsely sampled “DoG” templates, each of which is the product of a random binary array and the difference between two 2-D Gaussian density functions.

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来源期刊
Vision Research
Vision Research 医学-神经科学
CiteScore
3.70
自引率
16.70%
发文量
111
审稿时长
66 days
期刊介绍: Vision Research is a journal devoted to the functional aspects of human, vertebrate and invertebrate vision and publishes experimental and observational studies, reviews, and theoretical and computational analyses. Vision Research also publishes clinical studies relevant to normal visual function and basic research relevant to visual dysfunction or its clinical investigation. Functional aspects of vision is interpreted broadly, ranging from molecular and cellular function to perception and behavior. Detailed descriptions are encouraged but enough introductory background should be included for non-specialists. Theoretical and computational papers should give a sense of order to the facts or point to new verifiable observations. Papers dealing with questions in the history of vision science should stress the development of ideas in the field.
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