还原型深成W矽卡岩系统中的硒矿床:中国南方竹溪世界级白钨矿矽卡岩矿床案例研究

IF 4.4 2区 地球科学 Q1 GEOCHEMISTRY & GEOPHYSICS Mineralium Deposita Pub Date : 2024-05-06 DOI:10.1007/s00126-024-01271-6
Shiwei Song, Jingwen Mao, Rolf L. Romer, Wei Jian, Yongpeng Ouyang
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引用次数: 0

摘要

锡(Sn)和钨(W)在还原岩浆系统中的表现并不一致,可能会在晚期高度演化的熔体中富集。然而,锡和钨很少富集在同一矿床中。在由含锡和含钨花岗岩形成的矿床中,这种分离可能是由于锡和钨在岩浆流体溶解过程中的对比行为或硅酸盐矿物对锡的清除作用造成的。我们以世界级的竹溪矽卡岩矿床(华南)为例,说明锡和钨的分离情况。虽然在竹溪矿床中尚未发现锡矿体,但在内生矽卡岩和后生外生矽卡岩中普遍存在微小(通常为20微米)的锡石颗粒。我们分析了成矿花岗岩中的岩浆矿物黑云母和钛铁矿以及原生无水矽卡岩矿物石榴石、辉石和蛭石中的 W 和 Sn 含量。我们的数据显示:(i) 岩浆钛铁矿(65.5-79.1 ppm Sn;8.7-14.3 ppm W)和来自生物钛铁矿单斜花岗岩的生物钛铁矿(109-120 ppm Sn;1.3-6.3 ppm W)相对于 W 来说富集了大量的 Sn,这意味着 W 在岩浆流体中的分异作用比 Sn 更强;(ii) 除了经认证的 3.44 亿吨 WO3 储量外,竹溪矿床中还有 100 Kt 不可回收的 Sn;以及(iii) 除了经认证的 3.44 亿吨 WO3 储量外,竹溪矿床中还有 100 Kt 不可回收的 Sn。(iii)钨主要赋存于白钨矿中,而锡主要螯合在原生矽卡岩矿物中,其中最重要的是石榴石(76-4086 ppm Sn,42 ppm W)、辉石(3-103 ppm Sn,1 ppm W)和蛭石(43-361 ppm Sn,2 ppm W)。次生锡石的形成需要通过原生矽卡岩矿物的蚀变释放出硅酸盐结合的锡,这取决于岩浆或变质流体的可用性。与竹溪矽卡岩矿床相关的深成花岗岩(结晶深度在 5 千米到 12.6 千米之间)不会释放或调动大量流体。因此,竹溪矽卡岩矿床与其他深座还原矽卡岩系统一样,几乎不发生蚀变,大部分锰都留在硅酸盐矿物中,在经济上是不可回收的。因此,即使存在大量的锡,还原性深层矽卡岩系统也不太可能伴生锡矿体。
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Hosts of Sn in reduced deep-seated W skarn systems: A case study on the world-class scheelite skarn deposit, Zhuxi, South China

Tin (Sn) and tungsten (W) behave incompatibly in reduced magmatic systems and may become enriched in late highly-evolved melts. Nonetheless, Sn and W rarely concentrate in the same deposit. In deposits formed by Sn- and W-bearing granites, this separation may be due to the contrasting behavior of Sn and W during exsolution of a magmatic fluid or the scavenging of Sn by silicate minerals. We illustrate the separation of Sn and W for the world-class Zhuxi W skarn deposit (South China). Although tin orebodies have not yet been identified within the Zhuxi deposit, tiny (commonly < 20 μm) cassiterite grains are widespread within the endoskarn and the retrogressed exoskarn. We analyzed the W and Sn contents of the magmatic minerals biotite and ilmenite in ore-forming granites and the prograde anhydrous skarn minerals garnet, pyroxene and vesuvianite. Our data show that (i) magmatic ilmenite (65.5–79.1 ppm Sn; 8.7–14.3 ppm W) and biotite (109–120 ppm Sn; 1.3–6.3 ppm W) from biotite monzogranite strongly enrich Sn relative to W, implying that W partitioned more strongly into the magmatic fluids than Sn, (ii) there is 100 Kt non-recoverable Sn within the Zhuxi deposit in addition to the certified 3.44 Mt WO3 reserves, and (iii) W is mainly hosted in scheelite, whereas Sn is dominantly sequestered in prograde skarn minerals, most importantly garnet (76–4086 ppm Sn, < 42 ppm W), pyroxene (3–103 ppm Sn, < 1 ppm W), and vesuvianite (43–361 ppm Sn, < 2 ppm W). The formation of secondary cassiterite requires the release of silicate-bound Sn by alteration of primary skarn minerals, which depends on the availability of magmatic or metamorphic fluids. Deep-seated granites such as those associated with the Zhuxi skarn deposit, which crystallized at 5 km to 12.6 km depth, do not release or mobilize copious amounts of fluid. Therefore, the Zhuxi deposit, like other deep-seated reduced skarn systems shows little alteration and most Sn remains in silicate minerals and is economically non-recoverable. Thus, reduced, deep-seated W skarn systems are unlikely to have associated Sn orebodies even if significant amounts of Sn are present.

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来源期刊
Mineralium Deposita
Mineralium Deposita 地学-地球化学与地球物理
CiteScore
11.00
自引率
6.20%
发文量
61
审稿时长
6 months
期刊介绍: The journal Mineralium Deposita introduces new observations, principles, and interpretations from the field of economic geology, including nonmetallic mineral deposits, experimental and applied geochemistry, with emphasis on mineral deposits. It offers short and comprehensive articles, review papers, brief original papers, scientific discussions and news, as well as reports on meetings of importance to mineral research. The emphasis is on high-quality content and form for all articles and on international coverage of subject matter.
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