Kyu-Ho Yi, Soo-Bin Kim, Hyewon Hu, Hyo-Sang An, Inneke Jane Hidajat, Ting Song Lim, Hee-Jin Kim
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Ultrasonographic Study of the Submandibular Gland for Botulinum Neurotoxin Injection.
Background: Hypertrophied submandibular glands provide a bulky contour to the lower face. Botulinum neurotoxin injection methods are commonly used for facial contouring; however, no studies have suggested injection points because of the lack of delicate anatomical information on the submandibular gland.
Objective: The aim of this study was to determine the optimal injection site for botulinum neurotoxin injections in the submandibular gland.
Materials and methods: Anatomical considerations when injecting botulinum neurotoxin into the submandibular gland were determined using ultrasonography. The thickness of the submandibular gland, its depth from the skin surface, and the location of the vascular bundle were observed bilaterally in 42 participants. Two cadavers were dissected to measure the location of the submandibular gland corresponding to the ultrasonographic observation.
Results: The thickest part of the submandibular gland measured 11.12 ± 2.46 in width with a depth of 4.63 ± 0.76. At the point where it crosses the line of the lateral canthus, it measured 5.53 ± 1.83 in width and 8.73 ± 1.64 in depth.
Conclusion: The authors suggest optimal injection sites based on external anatomical landmarks. These guidelines aim to maximize the effects of botulinum neurotoxin therapy by minimizing its deleterious effects, which can be useful in clinical settings.
期刊介绍:
Exclusively devoted to dermatologic surgery, the Dermatologic Surgery journal publishes the most clinically comprehensive and up-to-date information in its field. This unique monthly journal provides today’s most expansive and in-depth coverage of cosmetic and reconstructive skin surgery and skin cancer through peer-reviewed original articles, extensive illustrations, case reports, ongoing features, literature reviews and correspondence. The journal provides information on the latest scientific information for all types of dermatologic surgery including:
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Body contouring-
Chemical peels-
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Flap Surgery-
Grafting-
Hair restoration surgery-
Injectable neuromodulators-
Laser surgery-
Liposuction-
Microdermabrasion-
Microlipoinjection-
Micropigmentation-
Mohs micrographic surgery-
Nail surgery-
Phlebology-
Sclerotherapy-
Skin cancer surgery-
Skin resurfacing-
Soft-tissue fillers.
Dermatologists, dermatologic surgeons, plastic surgeons, oculoplastic surgeons and facial plastic surgeons consider this a must-read publication for anyone in the field.