Bashayer A. Khouja , Joelle K. Salazar , Hetvi Babaria , Megan L. Fay , Diana S. Stewart
{"title":"接种方法影响零售桃和果园桃上肠炎沙门氏菌的存活率。","authors":"Bashayer A. Khouja , Joelle K. Salazar , Hetvi Babaria , Megan L. Fay , Diana S. Stewart","doi":"10.1016/j.jfp.2024.100289","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Challenge studies associated with fruits and vegetables generally utilize wet bacterial inoculation methods. However, a recent salmonellosis outbreak in the U.S. was linked to peaches plausibly contaminated via fugitive dust from a nearby animal operation. This outbreak has highlighted the need for a suitable inert carrier which can be used for the dry transfer of <em>Salmonella enterica</em> to produce. The purpose of this study was 1) to examine the population stability of <em>S. enterica</em> and its surrogate, <em>Enterococcus faecium</em>, in different dry matrices during extended storage to identify suitable carriers and 2) to evaluate the survival of <em>S. enterica</em> on peaches based on the mode of contamination (i.e., wet <em>vs</em>. dry). <em>S. enterica</em> and <em>E. faecium</em> were cultivated on tryptic soy agar (TSA) and inoculated into corn-cob small animal litter, sand, or silica at 10–11 log CFU/g. Matrices were mixed by hand and stored at 25°C and 33% relative humidity for up to 120 d. <em>S. enterica</em> remained relatively stable in the silica and litter, with no significant decrease in population after 14 and 28 d, respectively. <em>E. faecium</em> significantly reduced in all matrices, with the greatest reduction observed in silica (2.86 log CFU/g after 120 d). Additional carriers would need to be assessed for <em>E. faecium</em> which could maintain its population stability. Silica was ultimately selected for the dry carrier of <em>S. enterica</em>. Peaches available at retail or from orchards were inoculated with <em>S. enterica</em> using the silica carrier or by spot or dip inoculation methods at 5 log CFU/peach and stored at 5°C and 80% relative humidity for up to 28 d. The population of <em>S. enterica</em> significantly reduced on all peaches except for the dry inoculated orchard peaches, where the population remained stable (4.62 ± 0.35 log CFU/peach after 28 d). Results from this study determined that the mode of contamination influences the survival of <em>S. enterica</em> on peaches and that dry inoculation methods should be considered for produce in some instances.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":15903,"journal":{"name":"Journal of food protection","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.1000,"publicationDate":"2024-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0362028X24000735/pdfft?md5=64849bcb1f62723c65a0647030231b70&pid=1-s2.0-S0362028X24000735-main.pdf","citationCount":"0","resultStr":"{\"title\":\"Method of Inoculation Influences the Survival of Salmonella enterica on Retail and Orchard Peaches\",\"authors\":\"Bashayer A. Khouja , Joelle K. Salazar , Hetvi Babaria , Megan L. Fay , Diana S. Stewart\",\"doi\":\"10.1016/j.jfp.2024.100289\",\"DOIUrl\":null,\"url\":null,\"abstract\":\"<div><p>Challenge studies associated with fruits and vegetables generally utilize wet bacterial inoculation methods. However, a recent salmonellosis outbreak in the U.S. was linked to peaches plausibly contaminated via fugitive dust from a nearby animal operation. This outbreak has highlighted the need for a suitable inert carrier which can be used for the dry transfer of <em>Salmonella enterica</em> to produce. The purpose of this study was 1) to examine the population stability of <em>S. enterica</em> and its surrogate, <em>Enterococcus faecium</em>, in different dry matrices during extended storage to identify suitable carriers and 2) to evaluate the survival of <em>S. enterica</em> on peaches based on the mode of contamination (i.e., wet <em>vs</em>. dry). <em>S. enterica</em> and <em>E. faecium</em> were cultivated on tryptic soy agar (TSA) and inoculated into corn-cob small animal litter, sand, or silica at 10–11 log CFU/g. Matrices were mixed by hand and stored at 25°C and 33% relative humidity for up to 120 d. <em>S. enterica</em> remained relatively stable in the silica and litter, with no significant decrease in population after 14 and 28 d, respectively. <em>E. faecium</em> significantly reduced in all matrices, with the greatest reduction observed in silica (2.86 log CFU/g after 120 d). Additional carriers would need to be assessed for <em>E. faecium</em> which could maintain its population stability. Silica was ultimately selected for the dry carrier of <em>S. enterica</em>. Peaches available at retail or from orchards were inoculated with <em>S. enterica</em> using the silica carrier or by spot or dip inoculation methods at 5 log CFU/peach and stored at 5°C and 80% relative humidity for up to 28 d. The population of <em>S. enterica</em> significantly reduced on all peaches except for the dry inoculated orchard peaches, where the population remained stable (4.62 ± 0.35 log CFU/peach after 28 d). Results from this study determined that the mode of contamination influences the survival of <em>S. enterica</em> on peaches and that dry inoculation methods should be considered for produce in some instances.</p></div>\",\"PeriodicalId\":15903,\"journal\":{\"name\":\"Journal of food protection\",\"volume\":null,\"pages\":null},\"PeriodicalIF\":2.1000,\"publicationDate\":\"2024-05-01\",\"publicationTypes\":\"Journal Article\",\"fieldsOfStudy\":null,\"isOpenAccess\":false,\"openAccessPdf\":\"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0362028X24000735/pdfft?md5=64849bcb1f62723c65a0647030231b70&pid=1-s2.0-S0362028X24000735-main.pdf\",\"citationCount\":\"0\",\"resultStr\":null,\"platform\":\"Semanticscholar\",\"paperid\":null,\"PeriodicalName\":\"Journal of food protection\",\"FirstCategoryId\":\"97\",\"ListUrlMain\":\"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0362028X24000735\",\"RegionNum\":4,\"RegionCategory\":\"农林科学\",\"ArticlePicture\":[],\"TitleCN\":null,\"AbstractTextCN\":null,\"PMCID\":null,\"EPubDate\":\"\",\"PubModel\":\"\",\"JCR\":\"Q3\",\"JCRName\":\"BIOTECHNOLOGY & APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY\",\"Score\":null,\"Total\":0}","platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Journal of food protection","FirstCategoryId":"97","ListUrlMain":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0362028X24000735","RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q3","JCRName":"BIOTECHNOLOGY & APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY","Score":null,"Total":0}
Method of Inoculation Influences the Survival of Salmonella enterica on Retail and Orchard Peaches
Challenge studies associated with fruits and vegetables generally utilize wet bacterial inoculation methods. However, a recent salmonellosis outbreak in the U.S. was linked to peaches plausibly contaminated via fugitive dust from a nearby animal operation. This outbreak has highlighted the need for a suitable inert carrier which can be used for the dry transfer of Salmonella enterica to produce. The purpose of this study was 1) to examine the population stability of S. enterica and its surrogate, Enterococcus faecium, in different dry matrices during extended storage to identify suitable carriers and 2) to evaluate the survival of S. enterica on peaches based on the mode of contamination (i.e., wet vs. dry). S. enterica and E. faecium were cultivated on tryptic soy agar (TSA) and inoculated into corn-cob small animal litter, sand, or silica at 10–11 log CFU/g. Matrices were mixed by hand and stored at 25°C and 33% relative humidity for up to 120 d. S. enterica remained relatively stable in the silica and litter, with no significant decrease in population after 14 and 28 d, respectively. E. faecium significantly reduced in all matrices, with the greatest reduction observed in silica (2.86 log CFU/g after 120 d). Additional carriers would need to be assessed for E. faecium which could maintain its population stability. Silica was ultimately selected for the dry carrier of S. enterica. Peaches available at retail or from orchards were inoculated with S. enterica using the silica carrier or by spot or dip inoculation methods at 5 log CFU/peach and stored at 5°C and 80% relative humidity for up to 28 d. The population of S. enterica significantly reduced on all peaches except for the dry inoculated orchard peaches, where the population remained stable (4.62 ± 0.35 log CFU/peach after 28 d). Results from this study determined that the mode of contamination influences the survival of S. enterica on peaches and that dry inoculation methods should be considered for produce in some instances.
期刊介绍:
The Journal of Food Protection® (JFP) is an international, monthly scientific journal in the English language published by the International Association for Food Protection (IAFP). JFP publishes research and review articles on all aspects of food protection and safety. Major emphases of JFP are placed on studies dealing with:
Tracking, detecting (including traditional, molecular, and real-time), inactivating, and controlling food-related hazards, including microorganisms (including antibiotic resistance), microbial (mycotoxins, seafood toxins) and non-microbial toxins (heavy metals, pesticides, veterinary drug residues, migrants from food packaging, and processing contaminants), allergens and pests (insects, rodents) in human food, pet food and animal feed throughout the food chain;
Microbiological food quality and traditional/novel methods to assay microbiological food quality;
Prevention of food-related hazards and food spoilage through food preservatives and thermal/non-thermal processes, including process validation;
Food fermentations and food-related probiotics;
Safe food handling practices during pre-harvest, harvest, post-harvest, distribution and consumption, including food safety education for retailers, foodservice, and consumers;
Risk assessments for food-related hazards;
Economic impact of food-related hazards, foodborne illness, food loss, food spoilage, and adulterated foods;
Food fraud, food authentication, food defense, and foodborne disease outbreak investigations.