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Unexplained illnesses associated with a subscription meal service, 2022. 与订餐服务有关的不明原因疾病,2022 年。
IF 2.1 4区 农林科学 Q3 BIOTECHNOLOGY & APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-11-20 DOI: 10.1016/j.jfp.2024.100412
Melanie J Firestone, Craig W Hedberg

In recent years, shifting consumer demands have led to changes in the types of foods produced and how consumers obtain them. A growing demand for non-meat-based proteins has led to the development of new plant-based protein products. Simultaneously, there has been an increase in subscription-based meal services. In 2022, a subscription-based meal service, Daily Harvest, launched a new plant-based protein line of products called Crumbles. Shortly thereafter, consumer complaints of gastrointestinal symptoms were heard, and Daily Harvest recalled the French Lentil and Leek Crumbles, which contained a unique ingredient, tara flour. We obtained case data from the Marler Clark law firm and conducted an epidemiologic investigation of the relationship between illness and consumption of food products distributed by Daily Harvest. We independently reviewed data on 338 people, including 264 people with supplemental food exposure information, and calculated minimal attack rates. Of 264 people who completed the supplemental survey, all (100%) consumed the Lentil and Leek Crumbles. Minimal attack rates were highest for the Lentil and Leek Crumbles (1.4%) followed by the Walnut and Thyme Crumbles (0.45%). Among 213 subscribers, the minimal attack rate was highest for those who purchased three or more units of Lentil and Leek Crumbles (3.7%) compared to those who purchased two units (2.3%) or one unit (1.5%). The strength of the association and the increased risk of illness among persons who consumed Lentil and Leek Crumbles, but not other products that shared ingredients (other than tara flour) with Lentil and Leek Crumbles, suggests that tara flour was likely the source of illness, although a specific etiology remains unknown. This study highlights value in using non-traditional data to identify sources of illness. Further research is needed to understand the safety of tara flour for human consumption.

近年来,消费者需求的变化导致了食品生产类型和消费者获取方式的改变。人们对非肉类蛋白质的需求日益增长,这促使人们开发新的植物性蛋白质产品。与此同时,订阅式膳食服务也在增加。2022 年,订餐服务公司 Daily Harvest 推出了名为 Crumbles 的新型植物蛋白产品系列。此后不久,消费者投诉出现胃肠道症状,每日丰收公司召回了含有一种独特成分--塔拉面粉的法式扁豆韭菜碎。我们从马勒-克拉克(Marler Clark)律师事务所获得了病例数据,并对疾病与食用 "每日丰收 "经销的食品之间的关系进行了流行病学调查。我们独立审查了 338 人的数据,其中 264 人补充了食品接触信息,并计算了最低发病率。在完成补充调查的 264 人中,所有人(100%)都食用了扁豆韭菜碎。小扁豆和韭菜面包屑的最低致病率最高(1.4%),其次是核桃和百里香面包屑(0.45%)。在 213 名订户中,购买三份或更多扁豆韭菜面包屑的订户发病率最高(3.7%),而购买两份(2.3%)或一份(1.5%)的订户发病率最低。这种关联的强度以及食用扁豆韭菜碎(而非与扁豆韭菜碎共享配料(塔拉面粉除外)的其他产品)的人患病风险的增加表明,塔拉面粉很可能是致病源,尽管具体病因仍不清楚。这项研究强调了使用非传统数据来确定疾病来源的价值。要了解供人类食用的塔拉面粉的安全性,还需要进一步的研究。
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引用次数: 0
Integration of National Chemical Hazards Monitoring, Total Diet Study and Human Biomonitoring Programmes for Food Safety Exposure Assessment in Singapore. 新加坡整合国家化学危害监测、总膳食研究和人体生物监测计划,进行食品安全暴露评估。
IF 2.1 4区 农林科学 Q3 BIOTECHNOLOGY & APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-11-20 DOI: 10.1016/j.jfp.2024.100414
Angela Li, Jun Cheng Er, Wei Ching Khor, Mei Hui Liu, Valerie Sin, Sheot Harn Chan, Kyaw Thu Aung

Food safety and food security can impact the quality of human life, and these two aspects are interrelated alongside many influencing external factors. Global stressors such as climate change, recent pandemic and geopolitical tensions have demonstrated tangible impacts on food security and safety. Food and food system innovation is a key strategy towards feeding the world in a more sustainable and climate-resilient manner. This paper highlights the use of a science-based risk assessment and management in Singapore's food safety system, specifically in the integration of exposure assessment approaches to support evidence-based food safety risk analysis and decision making. The use of complementary top-down and bottom-up exposure assessment approaches through the market monitoring programme, total diet study and human biomonitoring forms a comprehensive integrated exposure assessment strategy which can ultimately inform policy and measures in ensuring and securing a supply of safe food. The discussion on such application for chemical food safety in Singapore offers additional insights to the synergistic inter-relationships contributing to the exposure assessment associated with chemicals in food.

食品安全和粮食安全会影响人类的生活质量,这两个方面与许多外部影响因素相互关联。气候变化、最近的大流行病和地缘政治紧张局势等全球压力因素对粮食安全和食品安全产生了切实影响。粮食和粮食系统创新是以更具可持续性和气候适应性的方式为世界提供粮食的关键战略。本文重点介绍了新加坡食品安全体系中以科学为基础的风险评估和管理,特别是整合暴露评估方法,以支持以证据为基础的食品安全风险分析和决策。通过市场监测计划、总膳食研究和人体生物监测,采用互补的自上而下和自下而上的暴露评估方法,形成了一个全面的综合暴露评估战略,最终可为确保和保障安全食品供应的政策和措施提供依据。关于在新加坡将这种方法应用于化学品食品安全的讨论,为食品中化学品暴露评估的协同相互关系提供了更多的见解。
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引用次数: 0
Demographic characteristics and county-level indicators of social vulnerability in salmonellosis outbreaks linked to ground beef- United States, 2012-2018. 美国 2012-2018 年与土牛肉有关的沙门氏菌病爆发的人口特征和县级社会脆弱性指标。
IF 2.1 4区 农林科学 Q3 BIOTECHNOLOGY & APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-11-19 DOI: 10.1016/j.jfp.2024.100411
Michelle A Waltenburg, Zainab Salah, Michelle Canning, Kelly McCain, David Rickless, Michael Ablan, Tamara N Crawford, Mabel Sheau Fong Low, Misha Robyn, Noelle Angelique M Molinari, Katherine E Marshall

Ground beef is a common source of US Salmonella illnesses and outbreaks. However, the demographic and socioeconomic factors that are related to risk in ground beef-associated outbreaks of Salmonella infections are poorly understood. We describe the individual-level demographic characteristics and county-level indicators of social vulnerability for people infected with Salmonella linked to outbreaks associated with ground beef in the United States during 2012-2018. Non-Hispanic (NH) White and NH American Indian/Alaska Native persons, and people living in non-metropolitan areas, were overrepresented among people in salmonellosis outbreaks linked to ground beef. Case patients disproportionately resided in counties with high social vulnerability, suggesting that one or more community social risk factors may contribute to or be associated with some food safety risks. Collecting and analyzing socioeconomic and demographic characteristics of people in outbreaks can help identify disparities in foodborne disease, which can be further characterized and inform equity-focused interventions.

碎牛肉是美国沙门氏菌疾病和爆发的常见来源。然而,人们对与碎牛肉相关的沙门氏菌感染爆发风险有关的人口和社会经济因素知之甚少。我们描述了 2012-2018 年间美国与碎牛肉相关的沙门氏菌暴发感染者的个人人口统计学特征和县级社会脆弱性指标。在与碎牛肉有关的沙门氏菌病暴发中,非西班牙裔(NH)白人和非西班牙裔美国印第安人/阿拉斯加原住民以及居住在非大都市地区的人所占比例过高。病例患者不成比例地居住在社会脆弱性较高的县,这表明一种或多种社区社会风险因素可能导致某些食品安全风险或与之相关。收集和分析暴发疫情人群的社会经济和人口特征有助于发现食源性疾病的差异,从而进一步确定这些差异的特征,并为以公平为重点的干预措施提供依据。
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引用次数: 0
A Bi-national Sample-Initiated Retrospective Outbreak Investigation of Listeria monocytogenes Infections in the United States and Canada Linked to Enoki Mushrooms Imported from China 2022-2023. 美国和加拿大与从中国进口的金针菇有关的李斯特菌感染的两国样本启动回顾性疫情调查(2022-2023 年)。
IF 2.1 4区 农林科学 Q3 BIOTECHNOLOGY & APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-11-19 DOI: 10.1016/j.jfp.2024.100413
Margaret Kirchner, Alexandra Palacios, Natalie Cataldo, Kate L Allen, Allison Wellman, Asma Madad, Temesgen Jemaneh, Timothy Jackson, David T Ingram, Victoria Wagoner, Robert Hatch, Joseph Baugher, Laurel Burall, Kenneth Nieves, Mabel Low, Grace Pederson, Lauren DiPrete, Victoria Sepcic, Deepam Thomas, Kristen Lozinak, Sinisa Urban, Kyle Shannon, Erin Kafka, Ainsley Lackey, Lauren Edwards, Hilary E Rosen, Christian Bond, Michael Needham, Annie Locas, Austin Markell, Kelvin Chau, Adrienne Kong, Meghan Hamel, Ashley Kearney, Monique Salter, Laura Gieraltowski, Michael C Bazaco, Stelios Viazis, Amanda Conrad

In 2022, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA), the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), U.S. state and local partners, the Public Health Agency of Canada (PHAC), and the Canadian Food Inspection Agency (CFIA), conducted a bi-national sample-initiated retrospective outbreak investigation (SIROI) of Listeria monocytogenes illnesses linked to enoki mushrooms. The FDA and CDC investigated the first known L. monocytogenes outbreak linked to enoki mushrooms from 2016-2020, making the 2022 outbreak the second time this pathogen-commodity pair was investigated by FDA and CDC. The 2022 outbreak included six ill people, all of whom were hospitalized. Epidemiologic, laboratory, and traceback evidence led to multiple public health actions, including voluntary recalls by firms, public communications about the outbreak, and FDA's country-wide Import Alert for enoki mushrooms from China. This SIROI illustrates the importance of surveillance sampling, national and international coordination of efforts, and rapid information sharing to identify and stop foodborne outbreaks on a global scale. To reduce the risk of listeriosis illnesses linked to contaminated enoki mushrooms, public health and regulatory agencies in the United States and Canada remain committed to conducting comprehensive surveillance for Listeria in foods and in people, efficiently investigating identified outbreaks, and implementing control measures to potentially minimize the impact of future outbreaks.

2022 年,美国食品和药物管理局 (FDA)、美国疾病控制和预防中心 (CDC)、美国各州和地方合作伙伴、加拿大公共卫生署 (PHAC) 和加拿大食品检验局 (CFIA) 对与金针菇有关的单核细胞增生李斯特氏菌疾病进行了两国样本启动的回顾性疫情调查 (SIROI)。美国食品及药物管理局(FDA)和中国疾病预防控制中心(CDC)在 2016-2020 年期间调查了第一起已知的与金针菇有关的单增李斯特菌疫情,因此 2022 年的疫情是美国食品及药物管理局和中国疾病预防控制中心第二次调查这种病原体-商品组合。在 2022 年的疫情中,有 6 人患病,全部住院治疗。流行病学、实验室和溯源证据导致了多种公共卫生行动,包括企业自愿召回、关于疫情的公众沟通,以及美国食品及药物管理局对来自中国的金针菇发出全国范围的进口警报。这次 SIROI 事件说明了监测采样、国家和国际协调努力以及快速信息共享对于识别和阻止全球范围内的食源性疾病暴发的重要性。为了降低与受污染的金针菇有关的李斯特菌病的风险,美国和加拿大的公共卫生和监管机构将继续致力于对食品和人群中的李斯特菌进行全面监测,对已发现的疫情进行有效调查,并实施控制措施以最大限度地降低未来疫情的影响。
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引用次数: 0
Survival of Generic Escherichia coli on In-Field Mature and Immature Gala and Golden Delicious Apples with or without Overhead Evaporative Cooling Treatment. 田间成熟和未成熟嘎啦苹果和金味苹果经或未经高空蒸发冷却处理后的普通大肠杆菌存活率。
IF 2.1 4区 农林科学 Q3 BIOTECHNOLOGY & APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-11-16 DOI: 10.1016/j.jfp.2024.100410
Claire M Murphy, Kyu Ho Jeong, Lauren Walter, Manoella Mendoza, Tonia Green, Andy Liao, Karen Killinger, Ines Hanrahan, Mei-Jun Zhu

The application of overhead evaporative cooling (EC) with untreated surface water is common in Washington State to decrease sunburn on apples. While this practice reduces crop and economic losses, applying untreated surface water to produce introduces potential risks of foodborne pathogen contamination. This study examined EC and the survival of inoculated generic Escherichia coli for two apple varieties over three growing seasons. Factors examined included EC treatment (conventional, untreated), canopy location (high, low), and apple variety (Gala, Golden Delicious). Fruit maturity (mature, immature) was also examined for one year. A rifampicin-resistant generic E. coli cocktail was applied to apples at 7.3 ± 0.4 log CFU/apple and apples were enumerated for E. coli levels at 0, 2, 10, 18, 34, 42, 58, 82, 106, and 154 h post-inoculation. Log-linear, Weibull, and Biphasic models were utilized to characterize the die-off pattern of E. coli. For most treatments, inoculated E. coli decreased by almost or over 6 log CFU/apple over the study duration; however, E. coli remained detectable at low levels on apples at 154 h post-inoculation. EC treatment and canopy location did not significantly impact daily linear E. coli die-off rates. Apple variety and maturity demonstrated small but statistically significant impacts on daily linear die-off rates. Non-linear models (i.e., biphasic and Weibull) best captured E. coli die-off on apples, showing a rapid initial decrease followed by a slower decline over time. Overall, results demonstrate that EC, a useful fruit quality practice, did not impact the survival of inoculated generic E. coli on apple surfaces. The study provides valuable insights for the apple industry regarding E. coli die-off rates on in-field apples, guiding practical decisions to mitigate risk.

华盛顿州常用未经处理的地表水进行高空蒸发冷却(EC),以减少苹果的日灼。虽然这种做法可以减少作物和经济损失,但将未经处理的地表水用于农产品会带来食源性病原体污染的潜在风险。本研究考察了三个生长季中两种苹果品种的 EC 和接种普通大肠杆菌的存活率。考察因素包括 EC 处理(常规、未处理)、树冠位置(高、低)和苹果品种(嘎啦、金味)。此外,还考察了一年的果实成熟度(成熟、未成熟)。在苹果上施用抗利福平的大肠杆菌鸡尾酒,浓度为 7.3 ± 0.4 log CFU/苹果,并在接种后 0、2、10、18、34、42、58、82、106 和 154 h 对苹果进行大肠杆菌含量计数。利用对数线性模型、Weibull 模型和双相模型来描述大肠杆菌的死亡模式。在大多数处理中,接种的大肠杆菌在研究持续时间内几乎或超过 6 log CFU/苹果,但在接种后 154 小时,苹果上仍能检测到低水平的大肠杆菌。氨基甲酸乙酯处理和树冠位置对大肠杆菌的日线性死亡率没有明显影响。苹果品种和成熟度对每日线性死亡率的影响较小,但在统计学上有显著影响。非线性模型(即双相模型和威布尔模型)最能反映苹果上大肠杆菌的死亡情况,显示出最初的快速下降,随后随着时间的推移下降速度减慢。总之,研究结果表明,作为一种有用的水果质量措施,EC 不会影响接种的普通大肠杆菌在苹果表面的存活。这项研究为苹果产业提供了有关田间苹果大肠杆菌致死率的宝贵见解,为降低风险的实际决策提供了指导。
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引用次数: 0
Analysis of outbreak data reveals factors contributing to salmonellosis outbreaks linked to cantaloupes. 疫情数据分析揭示了导致与哈密瓜有关的沙门氏菌病爆发的因素。
IF 2.1 4区 农林科学 Q3 BIOTECHNOLOGY & APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-11-15 DOI: 10.1016/j.jfp.2024.100404
Megan Rose-Martel, Sandeep Tamber

Over the last thirty years, the presence of Salmonella spp. on cantaloupes has been linked to multiple large and deadly foodborne outbreaks in multiple countries. To identify factors associated with the number of cases and risk of severe illness in these outbreaks, information from previous melon-associated salmonellosis outbreaks was analyzed. Data was collected from sixty outbreak investigations. Compared to other melon types, such as watermelon, honeydew, and Galia melon, cantaloupes had the highest public health burden. Cantaloupes were implicated in 43% of reported melon-related outbreaks, 51% of melon-related laboratory confirmed cases, 54% of melon-related hospitalizations, and 76% of melon-related deaths. In the United States, imported cantaloupes were associated with higher rates of severe salmonellosis and a greater diversity of Salmonella spp. serovars compared to domestically grown cantaloupes. Cantaloupes implicated in outbreaks were equally likely to have been consumed in either private or public settings. Larger outbreaks were associated with the consumption of pre-cut cantaloupe and/or the consumption of cantaloupes in public settings. With the identification of these contributing factors, a literature search was conducted to assess the state of knowledge concerning Salmonella and cantaloupes. Several gaps in the literature were noted and are discussed in the context of reducing the number of illnesses associated with the presence of Salmonella on cantaloupes.

在过去的三十年里,哈密瓜上的沙门氏菌与多个国家发生的多起大规模致命食源性疾病暴发有关。为了确定这些疫情中与病例数量和严重疾病风险相关的因素,我们分析了以前与甜瓜相关的沙门氏菌病疫情的信息。我们从 60 起疫情调查中收集了数据。与西瓜、蜜瓜和加里亚瓜等其他瓜类相比,哈密瓜的公共卫生负担最高。在报告的瓜类疫情中,43%与哈密瓜有关,51%的实验室确诊病例与哈密瓜有关,54%的住院病例与哈密瓜有关,76%的死亡病例与哈密瓜有关。在美国,与国产哈密瓜相比,进口哈密瓜的严重沙门氏菌病发病率更高,沙门氏菌属血清型的多样性也更大。暴发疫情的哈密瓜同样可能是在私人或公共场所食用的。规模较大的疫情爆发与食用预切哈密瓜和/或在公共场所食用哈密瓜有关。在确定了这些诱因后,我们进行了文献检索,以评估有关沙门氏菌和哈密瓜的知识状况。我们注意到文献中存在一些空白,并结合减少与哈密瓜上沙门氏菌有关的疾病数量进行了讨论。
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引用次数: 0
Impact of Storage Conditions on Salmonella enterica and Listeria monocytogenes in Pre- and Post-Printed 3D Food Ink. 储存条件对打印前和打印后三维食品油墨中肠炎沙门氏菌和单核细胞增生李斯特菌的影响。
IF 2.1 4区 农林科学 Q3 BIOTECHNOLOGY & APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-11-15 DOI: 10.1016/j.jfp.2024.100409
Allyson N Hamilton, Kristen E Gibson

3D food printers (3DFPs) allow for customization of physicochemical properties of foods in new ways. Storage conditions for food ink capsules and printed food inks have not been investigated. This study aimed to determine the impact of storage temperature, time, and method (pre- vs. post-printing) on Salmonella enterica and Listeria monocytogenes. A bacterial cocktail was cultured in minimal media and added to a protein cookie food ink at ∼6.5 log CFU/g. The inoculated food ink was divided into 18 capsules (50g/capsule); half were 3D printed. The remaining capsules and printed products were stored at three temperatures [20°C, 4°C, -18°C]. Selective media (XLT-4 and CHROMagar Listeria) were used for pathogen enumeration. Aerobic plate count and yeast counts were performed at each time point. The pH and water activity (aw) of the food ink were measured at the initial and final timepoints. A significant four-way interaction effect was observed between microorganism type (L. monocytogenes/Salmonella), time, temperature, and storage method (capsule/print) (p=0.014). Significant findings include: (1) at -18°C, concentrations of L. monocytogenes decreased between Day 0 and Day 1, (2)at 20°C, concentrations of S. enterica were significantly higher in the capsule than in the printed food on Day 1 (p<0.0001), and (3) at 4°C, concentrations of S. enterica were significantly higher in the printed food on Day 5 compared to Day 1 (p<0.0001) with a 0.9 (95% CI: 0.89, 0.91) log increase. In addition, a significant three-way interaction effect was found between microorganism type (yeast/aerobic counts), time, and temperature (p = 0.024). Yeast counts remained steady at all temperatures, while aerobic counts increased at 4°C. Minimal differences were observed between Listeria and Salmonella and their responses to varying storage conditions over time indicating that storage method and temperature may be less important for a low water activity product such as protein cookie food ink.

三维食品打印机(3DFP)能够以全新的方式定制食品的理化特性。目前尚未对食品油墨胶囊和打印食品油墨的储存条件进行调查。本研究旨在确定储存温度、时间和方法(打印前与打印后)对肠炎沙门氏菌和单核细胞增生李斯特菌的影响。在最低限度的培养基中培养出鸡尾酒细菌,并以 ∼6.5 log CFU/g 的浓度添加到蛋白饼干食品油墨中。接种的食品油墨被分成 18 粒胶囊(50 克/粒),其中一半进行了 3D 打印。其余胶囊和打印产品分别储存在三个温度下[20°C、4°C、-18°C]。病原体计数使用选择性培养基(XLT-4 和 CHROMagar 李斯特菌)。在每个时间点进行需氧平板计数和酵母计数。在最初和最后的时间点测量食品油墨的 pH 值和水活性(aw)。微生物类型(单核细胞增生性酵母菌/沙门氏菌)、时间、温度和储存方法(胶囊/印刷)之间存在明显的四向交互效应(p=0.014)。重要发现包括(1) 在零下 18 摄氏度时,第 0 天和第 1 天之间单核细胞增多症杆菌的浓度下降;(2) 在 20 摄氏度时,第 1 天胶囊食品中肠炎沙门氏菌的浓度显著高于印刷食品(p=0.014)。
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引用次数: 0
Investigating the Antibacterial, Antioxidant, and Cholesterol-lowering Properties of Yogurt Fortified with Postbiotic of Lactobacillus acidophilus and Lactiplantibacillus plantarum in the Wistar Rat Model. 在 Wistar 大鼠模型中研究添加了嗜酸乳杆菌和植物乳杆菌益生元的酸奶的抗菌、抗氧化和降胆固醇特性
IF 2.1 4区 农林科学 Q3 BIOTECHNOLOGY & APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-11-14 DOI: 10.1016/j.jfp.2024.100408
Sareh Davarzani, Mohammad Reza Sanjabi, Naheed Mojgani, Saeed Mirdamadi, Mostafa Soltani

Postbiotics have gained attention in the food industry due to their functional properties and ease of use compared to their live parent cells. Postbiotics are the metabolic byproducts of probiotic microorganisms, offering advantages such as antimicrobial and anti-diabetic effects. The study aimed to explore the potential antibacterial, antioxidant, and cholesterol-lowering effects of postbiotics from Lactobacillus acidophilus (LA) and Lactiplantibacillus plantarum (LbP) through in vitro and in vivo studies. Freeze-dried postbiotics from L. acidophilus BLAC 258 and L. plantarum were used in yogurt to inhibit foodborne pathogens over a 21-day storage period at 4 °C. The cholesterol-lowering effects of the postbiotic yogurt were assessed in Wistar rats fed with Normal Basal Diet (NBD) and High Cholesterol Diet (HCD). All experiments were performed in triplicate, and the collected data were analyzed with a one-way ANOVA using SPSS v.20 (2021) software. The Tukey Honestly Significant Difference (HSD) test was used for means differences at the 95% confidence interval. The results showed that postbiotic-fortified yogurt exhibited significant antioxidant and antibacterial effects. The antioxidant capacity of the yogurt increasingly peaked at 48.81% on day 14. Also, Listeria monocytogenes counts in the postbiotic yogurt decreased by approximately 2 Log10 on day 3. High-cholesterol-fed rats receiving postbiotic yogurt experienced significant reductions in total cholesterol, triglycerides, and LDL levels. Overall results indicate that postbiotics functional yogurt might be a safe and effective strategy for managing cholesterol levels and inhibiting foodborne pathogens.

与活的母细胞相比,后益生菌具有功能特性且易于使用,因此在食品工业中备受关注。后益生菌是益生微生物的代谢副产物,具有抗菌和抗糖尿病等优点。本研究旨在通过体外和体内研究,探索嗜酸乳杆菌(LA)和植物乳杆菌(LbP)益生菌的潜在抗菌、抗氧化和降低胆固醇作用。嗜酸乳杆菌 BLAC 258 和植物乳杆菌冻干益生菌被用于酸奶中,在 4 °C 下储存 21 天后可抑制食源性病原体。用正常基础膳食(NBD)和高胆固醇膳食(HCD)喂养的 Wistar 大鼠评估了酸奶后益生菌降低胆固醇的作用。所有实验均一式三份,收集的数据使用 SPSS v.20 (2021) 软件进行单因素方差分析。对 95% 置信区间的均值差异采用 Tukey 诚实显著差异(HSD)检验。结果表明,后益生菌强化酸奶具有显著的抗氧化和抗菌效果。酸奶的抗氧化能力在第 14 天达到峰值 48.81%。此外,后益生菌酸奶中的李斯特菌数量在第 3 天减少了约 2 Log10。接受益生菌后酸奶的高胆固醇喂养大鼠的总胆固醇、甘油三酯和低密度脂蛋白水平显著降低。总体结果表明,后益生菌功能酸奶可能是控制胆固醇水平和抑制食源性病原体的一种安全有效的策略。
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引用次数: 0
COMPARING TWO SEAWATER TEMPERATURES FOR HUMAN NOROVIRUS DEPURATION FROM OYSTERS. 比较两种海水温度对牡蛎中人类诺沃克病毒的去除作用。
IF 2.1 4区 农林科学 Q3 BIOTECHNOLOGY & APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-11-13 DOI: 10.1016/j.jfp.2024.100406
Françoise S Le Guyader, Joanna Ollivier, Sylvain Parnaudeau, Mathias Gauffriau, Mathias Papin, Christophe Stavrakakis, Virginie François, Françoise Vincent-Hubert, Pascal Garry

Despite regulations set up to monitor the microbiological quality of shellfish in producing areas, shellfish-borne gastroenteritis outbreaks still occur. Indeed, oyster depuration practices that are efficient to eliminate bacteria, fail to eliminate human norovirus from oyster flesh. In order to evaluate the impact of seawater temperature on the elimination of norovirus particles from oysters, large batches of oysters were contaminated using raw sewage containing norovirus and subjected to depuration at 8°C or 18°C. Over the experiment, quantitative RT-qPCR showed a one-log decrease of norovirus (both genogroups combined) genome copies per gram of digestive tissue after 41 days for oysters depurated at 8°C and 24 days at 18°C. The decrease of norovirus (both genogroups combined) in two batches of field-contaminated oysters depurated for two weeks at 18°C was in the same range (21 and 23 days respectively). All experiments showed a difference in genomic decay between the two norovirus genogroups, with norovirus genogroup I being more persistent in March/April compared to April/May.

尽管制定了监控产区贝类微生物质量的法规,但贝类传播的肠胃炎仍时有发生。事实上,能有效消除细菌的牡蛎去质法却无法消除牡蛎肉中的诺如病毒。为了评估海水温度对消除生蚝中诺如病毒颗粒的影响,使用含有诺如病毒的原污水污染了大批量的生蚝,并在 8°C 或 18°C 的温度下进行去渍处理。在整个实验过程中,定量 RT-qPCR 显示,在 8 摄氏度和 18 摄氏度下分别净化 24 天和 41 天后,每克消化组织中的诺如病毒(两个基因组合计)基因组拷贝数下降了一个对数值。两批在 18 摄氏度下消毒两周的野外污染牡蛎的诺沃克病毒(两个基因组合计)的下降幅度相同(分别为 21 天和 23 天)。所有实验都表明,两种诺沃克病毒基因群之间的基因组衰减存在差异,诺沃克病毒基因群 I 在 3 月/4 月比 4 月/5 月更持久。
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引用次数: 0
Classifiability analysis of spectroscopic profiling datasets in food safety related discriminative tasks. 食品安全相关判别任务中光谱分析数据集的可分类性分析。
IF 2.1 4区 农林科学 Q3 BIOTECHNOLOGY & APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-11-13 DOI: 10.1016/j.jfp.2024.100407
Yinsheng Zhang, Xudong Yang, Zhengyong Zhang, Haiyan Wang

Discriminative tasks, i.e., the identification of different food materials, brands, and origins, have become an essential part of food safety control. In recent years, spectroscopic profiling combined with machine learning is becoming popular for food-related discriminative tasks, but finding an appropriate classification model can be challenging. Compared to the current "trial-and-error" practice, this paper proposes a dedicated two-step classifiability analysis framework to address this issue. The first step collects more than 90 diversified metrics to measure the dataset separability from different perspectives. The second step synthesizes these metrics into a quantitative score using meta-learner and decomposition-based strategies. Finally, two Raman spectroscopic profiling case studies were conducted to validate the method, demonstrating higher scores for the easily separable liquor dataset (around 1.0) compared to the more challenging table salt dataset (< 0.5). This score can guide researchers to determine the required model complexity and assess the adequacy of the current physio-chemical profiling instrument. We expected the classifiability analysis framework proposed in this research to be generalized to a wide range of machine learning applications within the realm of food, where data-driven classification or discriminative tasks are involved.

鉴别任务,即识别不同的食品原料、品牌和产地,已成为食品安全控制的重要组成部分。近年来,光谱分析与机器学习相结合正逐渐成为食品相关判别任务的流行方法,但要找到一个合适的分类模型可能具有挑战性。与目前的 "试错 "做法相比,本文提出了一个专门的两步可分类性分析框架来解决这一问题。第一步收集 90 多个不同的指标,从不同角度衡量数据集的可分性。第二步使用元学习器和基于分解的策略将这些指标综合为一个量化分数。最后,进行了两项拉曼光谱分析案例研究来验证该方法,结果表明,与更具挑战性的食盐数据集(< 0.5)相比,易于分离的白酒数据集得分更高(约 1.0)。这个分数可以指导研究人员确定所需的模型复杂度,并评估当前理化分析仪器的适当性。我们希望本研究提出的可分类性分析框架能够推广到食品领域中涉及数据驱动分类或判别任务的各种机器学习应用中。
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引用次数: 0
期刊
Journal of food protection
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