英国人道主义、土著权利和帝国危机:评估 1840-73 年原住民保护协会的成员基础

IF 0.7 1区 历史学 Q1 HISTORY Journal of British Studies Pub Date : 2024-05-06 DOI:10.1017/jbr.2024.1
Darren Reid
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引用次数: 0

摘要

各种社会变革交织在一起,尤其是 1857 年印度兵变和 1865 年莫兰特湾叛乱之后种族态度的日益强硬,导致了 19 世纪中叶对帝国人道主义项目的广泛幻灭。然而,正如本文所展示的,原住民保护协会(APS)的会员人数和收入正是在这种幻灭感最强烈的时候增加的。本文结合定量和定性方法评估了该协会在本世纪中叶的会员基础的性质,证明了在应对帝国危机的过程中发生的人道主义两极分化,而不是单一的衰落,这种两极分化导致一些人(主要是托利党人)幻灭,另一些人(主要是辉格党人)巩固。此外,通过研究 APS 年会演讲中的话语趋势以及会员与学会秘书之间的私人通信,我探讨了 APS 会员如何解释他们自己的生活与遥远的殖民地原住民所受待遇之间的联系。我发现英国原住民权利活动很少从原住民自身的角度来表达,我表明支持 APS 最常见的原因是对生活在殖民地的朋友和家人的担忧,以及对殖民地不公正对国际竞争的影响的不安。这使得土著权利活动家能够在对种族化 "他人 "的能力感到失望的情况下继续努力。
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British Humanitarianism, Indigenous Rights, and Imperial Crises: Assessing the Membership Base of the Aborigines’ Protection Society, 1840–73

A confluence of societal changes, particularly hardening racial attitudes following the Indian Mutiny in 1857 and the Morant Bay Rebellion in 1865, resulted in widescale disillusionment with imperial humanitarian projects in the middle decades of the nineteenth century. As this article demonstrates, however, the membership and income of the Aborigines’ Protection Society (APS) increased at precisely the moments when this disillusionment was at its sharpest. This article combines quantitative and qualitative methods to assess the nature of the Society's mid-century membership base, demonstrating that, rather than a monolithic decline, a humanitarian polarization took place in response to imperial crises that led some (largely Tories) to disillusionment and others (largely Whigs) to entrenchment. Furthermore, by attending to discursive trends within speeches at APS annual meetings as well as in private correspondence between members and the secretary of the Society, I explore how APS members explained the connection between their own lives and the treatment of distant Indigenous peoples in the colonies. Finding that British Indigenous rights activism was only seldomly expressed in terms of Indigenous peoples themselves, I show that support for the APS was most commonly related to concerns for friends and family living in the colonies, along with disquiet about the impact of colonial injustices on international competition. This enabled Indigenous rights activists to continue their efforts in the face of disillusionment with the capabilities of racialized “others.”

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来源期刊
CiteScore
0.90
自引率
10.00%
发文量
163
期刊介绍: The official publication of the North American Conference on British Studies (NACBS), the Journal of British Studies, has positioned itself as the critical resource for scholars of British culture from the Middle Ages through the present. Drawing on both established and emerging approaches, JBS presents scholarly articles and books reviews from renowned international authors who share their ideas on British society, politics, law, economics, and the arts. In 2005 (Vol. 44), the journal merged with the NACBS publication Albion, creating one journal for NACBS membership. The NACBS also sponsors an annual conference , as well as several academic prizes, graduate fellowships, and undergraduate essay contests .
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