揭示分子机制:膳食植物固醇是心血管疾病的守护者。

IF 4.8 3区 化学 Q1 CHEMISTRY, MEDICINAL Natural Products and Bioprospecting Pub Date : 2024-05-09 DOI:10.1007/s13659-024-00451-1
Nasreddine El Omari, Saad Bakrim, Asaad Khalid, Ashraf N. Abdalla, Mohamed A. M. Iesa, Kawtar El Kadri, Siah Ying Tang, Bey Hing Goh, Abdelhakim Bouyahya
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引用次数: 0

摘要

直到最近,用于控制胆固醇和预防心血管疾病(CVD)的主要药物都是他汀类药物,这些药物以其历史性的副作用而闻名。因此,人们越来越有兴趣探索可在心血管疾病预防中发挥核心作用的替代品,如营养和膳食成分。本综述旨在全面介绍各种膳食中的天然植物甾醇如何防治心血管疾病。我们首先描述了整体方法,然后详细探讨了有助于减少心血管疾病的不同直接和间接机制。植物甾醇(包括黑甾醇、β-谷甾醇、麦角甾醇和褐藻甾醇)通过直接或间接的细胞、亚细胞和分子机制在不同水平上产生有益影响,因此成为营养系统中很有希望预防心血管疾病的分子。具体来说,上述植物甾醇能够减少各种自由基的生成,包括氢过氧化物和过氧化氢。它们还能促进超氧化物歧化酶、过氧化氢酶和谷胱甘肽等抗氧化酶的活化,同时通过激活 Nrf2 和 Nrf2/血红素加氧酶-1(HO-1)信号通路抑制脂质过氧化。此外,植物固醇还能显著抑制促炎细胞因子的生成,从而通过抑制参与细胞信号通路(如 JAK3/STAT3 和 NF-κB)的蛋白质的表达,在调节炎症/免疫反应方面发挥重要作用。此外,植物甾醇在减少胆固醇吸收和改善血脂状况方面发挥着关键作用。这些化合物可用作膳食补充剂或纳入特定的饮食中,以帮助控制胆固醇水平,尤其是对于患有高胆固醇血症的人。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。

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Unveiling the molecular mechanisms: dietary phytosterols as guardians against cardiovascular diseases

Until recently, the main pharmaceuticals used to control cholesterol and prevent cardiovascular disease (CVD) were statin-related drugs, known for their historical side effects. Therefore, there is growing interest in exploring alternatives, such as nutritional and dietary components, that could play a central role in CVD prevention. This review aims to provide a comprehensive understanding of how natural phytosterols found in various diets combat CVDs. We begin with a description of the overall approach, then we explore in detail the different direct and indirect mechanisms that contribute to reducing cardiovascular incidents. Phytosterols, including stigmasterol, β-sitosterol, ergosterol, and fucosterol, emerge as promising molecules within nutritional systems for protection against CVDs due to their beneficial effects at different levels through direct or indirect cellular, subcellular, and molecular mechanisms. Specifically, the mentioned phytosterols exhibit the ability to diminish the generation of various radicals, including hydroperoxides and hydrogen peroxide. They also promote the activation of antioxidant enzymes such as superoxide dismutase, catalase, and glutathione, while inhibiting lipid peroxidation through the activation of Nrf2 and Nrf2/heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) signaling pathways. Additionally, they demonstrate a significant inhibitory capacity in the generation of pro-inflammatory cytokines, thus playing a crucial role in regulating the inflammatory/immune response by inhibiting the expression of proteins involved in cellular signaling pathways such as JAK3/STAT3 and NF-κB. Moreover, phytosterols play a key role in reducing cholesterol absorption and improving the lipid profile. These compounds can be used as dietary supplements or included in specific diets to aid control cholesterol levels, particularly in individuals suffering from hypercholesterolemia.

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来源期刊
Natural Products and Bioprospecting
Natural Products and Bioprospecting CHEMISTRY, MEDICINAL-
CiteScore
8.30
自引率
2.10%
发文量
39
审稿时长
13 weeks
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