谁和在哪里关注群体中的身份和位置。

IF 1.7 4区 心理学 Q3 PSYCHOLOGY Attention Perception & Psychophysics Pub Date : 2024-05-09 DOI:10.3758/s13414-024-02879-6
Helen L. Ma, Ralph S. Redden, Dana A. Hayward
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引用次数: 0

摘要

尽管人们普遍认为他人的单次注视会引起注意力的转移,但有关多次注视对注意力的影响的研究却很有限,尽管现实世界中的社交线索往往是在群体中出现的。此外,人们对不同社交信息和非社交信息的可靠性不平等对注意力的影响也知之甚少。为了填补这些空白,我们采用了一种不同的凝视提示范式,同时向参与者展示三张面孔。我们分块操纵了一个面孔(身份条件)或一个位置(位置条件)是否包含完全预测目标位置的注视提示;所有其他提示均无信息。在所有试验中,我们对有效线索的数量(凝视目标的人脸数量)进行了控制。我们通过用试验次数对提示效果进行统计建模,来检验这两种信息(身份与位置)的学习率是否相似。预先登记的分析结果显示,没有证据表明条件、有效面孔数量和预测元素的存在之间存在交互作用,这表明信息类型并不影响参与者利用预测元素改变行为的能力。探索性分析表明:(i) 与 "位置 "条件相比,"身份 "条件下的反应时间(RT)在各次试验中下降得更快,当预测元素存在与不存在时,反应时间的下降幅度更大;(ii) 只有当 "位置 "条件下的反应时间首先完成时,反应时间才会在各次试验中下降;(iii) 社交能力会改变不同条件和试验次数下的反应时间。我们的研究表明,提示效用、条件类型和社交能力对群体提示的影响存在微妙的关系。
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The who and the where: Attention to identities and locations in groups

While it is widely accepted that the single gaze of another person elicits shifts of attention, there is limited work on the effects of multiple gazes on attention, despite real-world social cues often occurring in groups. Further, less is known regarding the role of unequal reliability of varying social and nonsocial information on attention. We addressed these gaps by employing a variant of the gaze cueing paradigm, simultaneously presenting participants with three faces. Block-wise, we manipulated whether one face (Identity condition) or one location (Location condition) contained a gaze cue entirely predictive of target location; all other cues were uninformative. Across trials, we manipulated the number of valid cues (number of faces gazing at target). We examined whether these two types of information (Identity vs. Location) were learned at a similar rate by statistically modelling cueing effects by trial count. Preregistered analyses returned no evidence for an interaction between condition, number of valid faces, and presence of the predictive element, indicating type of information did not affect participants’ ability to employ the predictive element to alter behaviour. Exploratory analyses demonstrated (i) response times (RT) decreased faster across trials for the Identity compared with Location condition, with greater decreases when the predictive element was present versus absent, (ii) RTs decreased across trials for the Location condition only when it was completed first, and (iii) social competence altered RTs across conditions and trial number. Our work demonstrates a nuanced relationship between cue utility, condition type, and social competence on group cueing.

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来源期刊
CiteScore
3.60
自引率
17.60%
发文量
197
审稿时长
4-8 weeks
期刊介绍: The journal Attention, Perception, & Psychophysics is an official journal of the Psychonomic Society. It spans all areas of research in sensory processes, perception, attention, and psychophysics. Most articles published are reports of experimental work; the journal also presents theoretical, integrative, and evaluative reviews. Commentary on issues of importance to researchers appears in a special section of the journal. Founded in 1966 as Perception & Psychophysics, the journal assumed its present name in 2009.
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