狂犬病与北极狐(Vulpes lagopus):综述。

IF 1.1 4区 农林科学 Q3 VETERINARY SCIENCES Journal of Wildlife Diseases Pub Date : 2024-07-01 DOI:10.7589/JWD-D-23-00113
Elysé H Smith, Yannick Van de Weyer, Stuart Patterson
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引用次数: 0

摘要

北极狐(Vulpes lagopus)是北极狂犬病的主要感染源,人们对其动态了解甚少,而且其时空变化很大。虽然自 19 世纪中叶以来,该地区就有狂犬病存在的记录,但目前没有证据表明狂犬病会影响北极狐的种群数量。在迅速变化的北极生态系统中,在气候变化的影响下,预计传播动态将发生变化,从而对这一物种产生影响。与此同时,世界卫生组织领导 "联合抗击狂犬病 "集体的目标是到 2030 年消灭由犬介导的狂犬病,尽管有理由将工作重点放在热带地区,但消灭狂犬病需要对北极地区的狂犬病有充分的了解。因此,本综述旨在概述目前对北极狂犬病的了解,同时确定关键的知识差距。综述涵盖了狂犬病种群的时空趋势、宿主物种的种群动态以及当前关于北极狂犬病持续存在的理论。目前还不清楚北极狂犬病如何在宿主密度较低的情况下持续存在,因此近年来提出了一些假说。异源狐狸分布造成的高动物密度 "热点 "和多物种聚集以应对食物供应、广泛的北极狐迁徙模式,以及可能进化成致命性较低的狂犬病变种,都可能是原因之一。本综述利用最近的基因和模型研究对这些理论的证据进行了评估。目前还没有足够的证据表明北极狂犬病疫苗的有效性和可行性。需要填补关键的知识空白,以便未来开展控制活动。
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Rabies and the Arctic Fox (Vulpes lagopus): A Review.

The Arctic fox (Vulpes lagopus) is the primary infection reservoir of Arctic rabies, the dynamics of which are poorly understood and subject to significant spatiotemporal variation. Although rabies presence has been documented in the region since the mid-19th century, there is currently no evidence of rabies impacting Arctic fox population size. Under the influence of climate change in a rapidly evolving Arctic ecosystem, alterations in transmission dynamics are predicted, with implications for this species. Concurrently, the World Health Organization leads the United Against Rabies collective in the aim of elimination of dog-mediated rabies by 2030, and although efforts have justifiably been directed to tropical regions, elimination will require a good understanding of rabies in the Arctic. Therefore, this review aimed to provide an overview of current Arctic rabies understanding, while identifying the key knowledge gaps. The review covered spatiotemporal trends in rabies populations, population dynamics of the host species, and current theories about Arctic rabies persistence. It is still unclear how Arctic rabies can persist under low host densities, which has led to several hypotheses in recent years. Creation of high animal density "hotspots" caused by heterogenic fox distribution and multispecies congregations in response to food availability, extensive Arctic fox migration patterns, and the potential evolution to a less lethal variant of rabies may all be part of the explanation. Evidence for these theories by using recent genetic and modeling studies was evaluated within the review. There is currently insufficient evidence about the efficacy and feasibility of vaccines against Arctic rabies. Key knowledge gaps need addressing to enable future control campaigns.

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来源期刊
Journal of Wildlife Diseases
Journal of Wildlife Diseases 农林科学-兽医学
CiteScore
2.70
自引率
0.00%
发文量
213
审稿时长
6-16 weeks
期刊介绍: The JWD publishes reports of wildlife disease investigations, research papers, brief research notes, case and epizootic reports, review articles, and book reviews. The JWD publishes the results of original research and observations dealing with all aspects of infectious, parasitic, toxic, nutritional, physiologic, developmental and neoplastic diseases, environmental contamination, and other factors impinging on the health and survival of free-living or occasionally captive populations of wild animals, including fish, amphibians, reptiles, birds, and mammals. Papers on zoonoses involving wildlife and on chemical immobilization of wild animals are also published. Manuscripts dealing with surveys and case reports may be published in the Journal provided that they contain significant new information or have significance for better understanding health and disease in wild populations. Authors are encouraged to address the wildlife management implications of their studies, where appropriate.
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