A novel model for optimal selection of relay bus with maximum link reliability in VANET using hybrid fuzzy niching grey wolf optimization

Nowadays, the routing problem has received major concern in Vehicular Ad-hoc Networks (VANETs) because of the utilization of resource-constrained devices in wireless networking environments. The traditional store-carry-forward approach produced highly reliable packet delivery performance using buses on ordinary routes. However, its performance is induced when dealing with inconsistent and dynamic routes. In addition, there is large bandwidth consumption if the forwarded packets are transmitted through improper relay nodes. Therefore, this paper proposes a novel street-centric routing algorithm with the consideration of optimal multiple routes and optimal relay node selection procedures. Initially, the street maps with ten streets and four bus routes are taken as input data. These bus trajectory data are transformed into routing graphs to determine the probability of buses moving through the streets. Subsequently, the optimal multiple shortest routes for forwarding packets to the destination are selected with the consideration of metrics such as Probability of Path Consistency (PPC) and Probability of Street Consistency (PSC). Finally, the optimal relay bus is chosen by employing the proposed Hybrid Fuzzy Niching Grey Wolf (HFNGW) algorithm. The experimental result inherits that the HFNGW algorithm achieves a greater packet delivery ratio of about 98.9% with less relay bus selection time of 32 ms than other compared methods.