消除 "不可能":量子场论局部测量理论的最新进展

IF 1.2 3区 物理与天体物理 Q3 PHYSICS, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Foundations of Physics Pub Date : 2024-05-08 DOI:10.1007/s10701-024-00756-8
Maria Papageorgiou, Doreen Fraser
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引用次数: 0

摘要

索金的论证(量子场的不可能测量。见《广义相对论的方向:1993 年马里兰国际研讨会论文集》第 2 卷,第 293-305 页,1993 年:广义相对论的方向:1993 年国际研讨会论文集,马里兰,第 2 卷,第 293-305 页,1993 年)和 Borsten 等人(Phys Rev D 104(2),2021.https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevD.104.025012)的论证证实,量子测量理论从非相对论量子力学到相对论量子理论的自然延伸会导致一个不可接受的结果,即一个区域的期望值取决于在空间相隔区域执行的单元操作。索金[1]把这种情况称为 "不可能的测量"。我们以还原论证的逻辑形式明确提出了这些论点,并研究了它们对量子场论(QFT)中测量的影响。索金式不可能测量情景清楚地说明了这样一个道理,即在使用吕德斯规则的相对论量子理论中,微观因果性本身并不足以排除超光速信号。我们回顾了为 QFT 提出测量解释的三种不同方法,并分析了它们对 "不可能测量 "问题的回应。其中两种方法是:Polo-Gómez 等人提出的基于探测器模型的测量理论(Phys Rev D, 2022. https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevd.105.065003)和 Fewster 和 Verch 提出的代数 QFT 测量框架(Commun Math Phys 378(2):851-889, 2020)。对于 QFT 基础来说,它们的共同之处在于,它们可能持有关于如何在 QFT 中表示测量的一般道义。这些道义涉及动力学在消除 "不可能的测量 "中所扮演的角色、放弃把局部代数({\mathcal {A}}(O)\)的运算解释视为代表在区域O中进行的可能运算,以及状态更新规则的解释。最后,我们研究了 "不可能测量 "问题在基于历史的方法中的表现形式,并讨论了余下的挑战。
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Eliminating the ‘Impossible’: Recent Progress on Local Measurement Theory for Quantum Field Theory

Arguments by Sorkin (Impossible measurements on quantum fields. In: Directions in general relativity: proceedings of the 1993 International Symposium, Maryland, vol 2, pp 293–305, 1993) and Borsten et al. (Phys Rev D 104(2), 2021. https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevD.104.025012) establish that a natural extension of quantum measurement theory from non-relativistic quantum mechanics to relativistic quantum theory leads to the unacceptable consequence that expectation values in one region depend on which unitary operation is performed in a spacelike separated region. Sorkin [1] labels such scenarios ‘impossible measurements’. We explicitly present these arguments as a no-go result with the logical form of a reductio argument and investigate the consequences for measurement in quantum field theory (QFT). Sorkin-type impossible measurement scenarios clearly illustrate the moral that Microcausality is not by itself sufficient to rule out superluminal signalling in relativistic quantum theories that use Lüders’ rule. We review three different approaches to formulating an account of measurement for QFT and analyze their responses to the ‘impossible measurements’ problem. Two of the approaches are: a measurement theory based on detector models proposed in Polo-Gómez et al. (Phys Rev D, 2022. https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevd.105.065003) and a measurement framework for algebraic QFT proposed in Fewster and Verch (Commun Math Phys 378(2):851–889, 2020). Of particular interest for foundations of QFT is that they share common features that may hold general morals about how to represent measurement in QFT. These morals are about the role that dynamics plays in eliminating ‘impossible measurements’, the abandonment of the operational interpretation of local algebras \({\mathcal {A}}(O)\) as representing possible operations carried out in region O, and the interpretation of state update rules. Finally, we examine the form that the ‘impossible measurements’ problem takes in histories-based approaches and we discuss the remaining challenges.

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来源期刊
Foundations of Physics
Foundations of Physics 物理-物理:综合
CiteScore
2.70
自引率
6.70%
发文量
104
审稿时长
6-12 weeks
期刊介绍: The conceptual foundations of physics have been under constant revision from the outset, and remain so today. Discussion of foundational issues has always been a major source of progress in science, on a par with empirical knowledge and mathematics. Examples include the debates on the nature of space and time involving Newton and later Einstein; on the nature of heat and of energy; on irreversibility and probability due to Boltzmann; on the nature of matter and observation measurement during the early days of quantum theory; on the meaning of renormalisation, and many others. Today, insightful reflection on the conceptual structure utilised in our efforts to understand the physical world is of particular value, given the serious unsolved problems that are likely to demand, once again, modifications of the grammar of our scientific description of the physical world. The quantum properties of gravity, the nature of measurement in quantum mechanics, the primary source of irreversibility, the role of information in physics – all these are examples of questions about which science is still confused and whose solution may well demand more than skilled mathematics and new experiments. Foundations of Physics is a privileged forum for discussing such foundational issues, open to physicists, cosmologists, philosophers and mathematicians. It is devoted to the conceptual bases of the fundamental theories of physics and cosmology, to their logical, methodological, and philosophical premises. The journal welcomes papers on issues such as the foundations of special and general relativity, quantum theory, classical and quantum field theory, quantum gravity, unified theories, thermodynamics, statistical mechanics, cosmology, and similar.
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