易感性和复原力、无花果树和尖叫声

IF 0.6 Q2 HISTORY & PHILOSOPHY OF SCIENCE Philosophies Pub Date : 2024-05-14 DOI:10.3390/philosophies9030068
Rebecca Saunders
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引用次数: 0

摘要

本文分析了埃利夫-沙法克(Elif Shafak)的小说《失踪树岛》中的两个关键人物--女学生的尖叫声和一棵娓娓道来的无花果树--分析了易感性和复原力之间的交叉点,尤其是这些术语在心理学、创伤研究和生态学中的发展。我认为,小说中嘹亮的尖叫声从多个方面批判了心理复原力的论述:它不足以应对复杂的创伤;它关注的是自主的个体;它假定复原力的责任在于受害者而非伤害的实施者;它构建了一种 "抵抗的必要性",并否认了在获取复原力建设资源方面存在的不平等。相比之下,我认为小说中的无花果树则体现了一种生态复原力模式,它根植于对构成生态系统的多种多样生物相互依存关系的认识,以及对作为复原力关键能力的一套有利能力的易感性的认识。这些截然不同的复原力概念促使我倡导一种易感性政治,一种生态-心理-社会政治,其基础是认识到个人无法通过自己的意志、意图或 "自我效能 "而独立实现复原力,而应侧重于建立系统的、可持续的复原力形式,包括组成社区、社会或生态系统的不同主体;不迷信独立、自由和权利,而是加强相互依存,强化相互责任;不把易受影响作为弱点加以利用,而是将其作为复原力本身的灵魂加以培养。
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Susceptibility and Resilience, a Fig Tree and a Scream
Analyzing two key figures in Elif Shafak’s novel The Island of Missing Trees—a schoolgirl’s scream and a narrating fig tree—this essay analyzes the intersection between susceptibility and resilience, particularly as these terms are developed in psychology, trauma studies, and ecology. I argue that the novel’s resonant scream critiques the discourse of psychological resilience on multiple counts: its inadequacy as a response to complex trauma, its focus on autonomous individuals, its assumption that responsibility for resilience rests on victims rather than perpetrators of harm, its construction of a “resistance imperative” and its disavowal of the inequalities in access to resilience-building resources. By contrast, the novel’s fig tree, I contend, exemplifies an ecological model of resilience rooted in a recognition of the interdependence of the multiple and diverse organisms that comprise an ecosystem, and of susceptibility as an advantageous suite of capacities that are crucial to resilience. These contrasting conceptions of resilience lead me to advocate for a politics of susceptibility, an eco-psychosocial politics based on the recognition that individuals cannot become resilient on their own, through their own volition, intention, or “self-efficacy”, and that focuses instead on building systemic and sustainable forms of resilience inclusive of the diverse subjects that comprise a community, society or ecosystem; that, rather than fetishizing independence, liberty and rights, fortifies interdependence and reinforces mutual responsibilities; and that rather than exploiting susceptibility as a weakness, nurtures it as the soul of resilience itself.
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来源期刊
Philosophies
Philosophies Multiple-
CiteScore
1.30
自引率
11.10%
发文量
122
审稿时长
11 weeks
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