青春期或成年期急性应激对食欲动机的影响与性别有关。

IF 3.5 3区医学 Q2 NEUROSCIENCES Psychopharmacology Pub Date : 2024-08-01 Epub Date: 2024-05-16 DOI:10.1007/s00213-024-06587-9

Rifka C Derman, K Matthew Lattal

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引用次数: 0

摘要

理论依据：强烈的压力经历会导致食欲和厌恶行为发生长期变化。在人类中，创伤后应激障碍会增加合并食欲障碍（包括成瘾和肥胖）的风险。我们之前已经证明，成年雄性大鼠的急性应激体验会抑制对自然奖赏的动机：我们研究了性别和年龄对强烈应激对基于行动（工具）和基于刺激（巴甫洛夫）的自然奖赏（食物）动机的影响：方法：大鼠在一次训练中接受 15 次无信号脚震（应激），然后在不同的情境下进行食欲训练和测试。在实验 1 中，应激发生在青春期（PN28）或成年期（PN70），所有大鼠的食欲训练和测试从 PN71 开始。在实验 2 中，应激和食欲训练/测试都发生在青春期：结果：当测试在青春期后期或成年期进行时，青春期雌性大鼠的急性应激会抑制通过累进比率测试评估的工具动机，而青春期雄性大鼠的应激不会抑制工具动机。成年期的急性压力不会改变工具动机。与此相反，在青春期或成年期受到压力后，通过单结果巴甫洛夫到工具转移（SO-PIT）评估的巴甫洛夫动机在女性中持续增强。然而，对男性来说，青春期的压力没有影响，而成年期的压力则会减弱SO-PIT：结论：青春期或成年期的急性应激会改变工具性动机和刺激触发的巴甫洛夫动机，这种改变具有性别和发育特异性。这些研究结果表明，急性应激对巴甫洛夫动机和工具性动机过程的持续影响在女性和男性中有所不同，男性可能更不容易受到青春期强烈应激对食欲性动机的有害影响。

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Sex-dependent effects of acute stress in adolescence or adulthood on appetitive motivation.

Rationale: Intensely stressful experiences can lead to long-lasting changes in appetitive and aversive behaviors. In humans, post-traumatic stress disorder increases the risk of comorbid appetitive disorders including addiction and obesity. We have previously shown that an acute stressful experience in adult male rats suppresses motivation for natural reward.

Objectives: We examine the impact of sex and age on the effects of intense stress on action-based (instrumental) and stimulus-based (Pavlovian) motivation for natural reward (food).

Methods: Rats received 15 unsignaled footshocks (stress) in a single session followed by appetitive training and testing in a distinct context. In Experiment 1, stress occurred in either adolescence (PN28) or adulthood (PN70) with appetitive training and testing beginning on PN71 for all rats. In Experiment 2, stress and appetitive training/testing occurred in adolescence.

Results: Acute stress in adolescent females suppressed instrumental motivation assessed with progressive ratio testing when testing occurred in late adolescence or in adulthood, whereas in males stress in adolescence did not suppress instrumental motivation. Acute stress in adulthood did not alter instrumental motivation. In contrast, Pavlovian motivation assessed with single-outcome Pavlovian-to-instrumental transfer (SO-PIT) was consistently enhanced in females following adolescent or adult stress. In males, however, stress in adolescence had no effect, whereas stress in adulthood attenuated SO-PIT.

Conclusions: Acute stress in adolescence or adulthood altered instrumental motivation and stimulus-triggered Pavlovian motivation in a sex and developmentally specific manner. These findings suggest that the persistent effects of acute stress on Pavlovian and instrumental motivational processes differ in females and males, and that males may be less vulnerable to the deleterious effects of intense stress during adolescence on appetitive motivation.

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来源期刊

Psychopharmacology 医学-精神病学

CiteScore

7.10

自引率

5.90%

发文量

257

审稿时长

2-4 weeks

期刊介绍： Official Journal of the European Behavioural Pharmacology Society (EBPS) Psychopharmacology is an international journal that covers the broad topic of elucidating mechanisms by which drugs affect behavior. The scope of the journal encompasses the following fields: Human Psychopharmacology: Experimental This section includes manuscripts describing the effects of drugs on mood, behavior, cognition and physiology in humans. The journal encourages submissions that involve brain imaging, genetics, neuroendocrinology, and developmental topics. Usually manuscripts in this section describe studies conducted under controlled conditions, but occasionally descriptive or observational studies are also considered. Human Psychopharmacology: Clinical and Translational This section comprises studies addressing the broad intersection of drugs and psychiatric illness. This includes not only clinical trials and studies of drug usage and metabolism, drug surveillance, and pharmacoepidemiology, but also work utilizing the entire range of clinically relevant methodologies, including neuroimaging, pharmacogenetics, cognitive science, biomarkers, and others. Work directed toward the translation of preclinical to clinical knowledge is especially encouraged. The key feature of submissions to this section is that they involve a focus on clinical aspects. Preclinical psychopharmacology: Behavioral and Neural This section considers reports on the effects of compounds with defined chemical structures on any aspect of behavior, in particular when correlated with neurochemical effects, in species other than humans. Manuscripts containing neuroscientific techniques in combination with behavior are welcome. We encourage reports of studies that provide insight into the mechanisms of drug action, at the behavioral and molecular levels. Preclinical Psychopharmacology: Translational This section considers manuscripts that enhance the confidence in a central mechanism that could be of therapeutic value for psychiatric or neurological patients, using disease-relevant preclinical models and tests, or that report on preclinical manipulations and challenges that have the potential to be translated to the clinic. Studies aiming at the refinement of preclinical models based upon clinical findings (back-translation) will also be considered. The journal particularly encourages submissions that integrate measures of target tissue exposure, activity on the molecular target and/or modulation of the targeted biochemical pathways. Preclinical Psychopharmacology: Molecular, Genetic and Epigenetic This section focuses on the molecular and cellular actions of neuropharmacological agents / drugs, and the identification / validation of drug targets affecting the CNS in health and disease. We particularly encourage studies that provide insight into the mechanisms of drug action at the molecular level. Manuscripts containing evidence for genetic or epigenetic effects on neurochemistry or behavior are welcome.