库里提巴城市发展与开发项目对公平的影响

IF 2.4 Q3 TRANSPORTATION Case Studies on Transport Policy Pub Date : 2024-05-07 DOI:10.1016/j.cstp.2024.101211
André L.B. Turbay , Rafael H.M. Pereira , Rodrigo Firmino
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引用次数: 0

摘要

公交导向发展(TOD)项目作为促进交通与土地使用规划之间协调的一种方式,在世界范围内被越来越多地采用。然而,人们很少关注 TOD 项目如何与社会经济和空间不平等相关联,及其对人们获得经济活动和公共服务的影响,尤其是在全球南部地区。在本文中,我们分析了库里提巴(巴西)的交通和土地利用规划是如何塑造社会空间不平等的,该市以快速公交系统(BRT)为基础的 TOD 规划在国际上享有盛誉。我们研究了快速公交系统的空间组织如何与人口密度、社会经济群体和房地产价值的分布相关联,及其对就业机会和医疗服务不平等的影响。研究结果表明,库里提巴的 TOD 对人口密度的影响有限,但却造成了利益分配的不平等,使高收入阶层和 BRT 主要通道沿线的优质房地产享有特权。这些影响导致低收入社区被推向城市边缘地区,交通系统带来的便利有限。我们的研究结果表明,库里提巴的成功故事应被视为有关 TOD 规划后果的警示故事,它使资源的空间集中永久化,并加剧了机会获取的不平等。这项研究更广泛的教训是,必须根据其社会和环境影响不断评估 TOD 规划,并以混合住房和社会包容为指导,以避免贫困社区被隔离和边缘化的潜在后果。
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The equity implications of TOD in Curitiba

Transit Oriented Development (TOD) projects are being increasingly adopted worldwide as a way to promote the coordination between transport and land-use planning. However, little attention has been given to how TOD projects are associated with socioeconomic and spatial inequalities and its effects on people’s access to economic activities and public services, particularly in the Global South. In this paper we analyze how socio-spatial inequalities have been shaped by transport and land-use planning in Curitiba (Brazil), a city internationally recognized for its TOD planning based on Bus Rapid Transit (BRT). We examine how the spatial organization of the BRT system is associated with the distribution of population densities, socioeconomic groups, and real-estate values and its implications in terms of inequalities of access to employment opportunities and health services. The results show that Curitiba's TOD has had limited influence on population densities, but contributed for the unequal distribution of its benefits, privileging high-income classes and premium real-estate along its main BRT corridors. These effects contribute to push low-income communities to peripheral urban areas with limited accessibility benefits from the transit system. Our findings suggest that Curitiba’s success story should be seen as a cautionary tale about the consequences of TOD planning, which perpetuate the spatial concentration of resources and reinforce inequalities of access to opportunities. The broader lesson of this study is that TOD planning must be constantly evaluated by its socials and environmental impacts, and be guided by mixed housing, and social inclusion to avoid potential consequences in terms of segregation and peripheralization of poorer communities.

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12.00%
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222
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